-
1 direct
direct [dɪ'rekt]diriger ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (d), 1 (g), 2 (a), 2 (b) réaliser ⇒ 1 (b) adresser ⇒ 1 (c) ordonner ⇒ 1 (e) instruire ⇒ 1 (f) faire de la réalisation ⇒ 2 (c) direct ⇒ 3 (a)-(c), 3 (e) exact ⇒ 3 (d) directement ⇒ 4(a) (supervise → business) diriger, gérer, mener; (→ office, work) diriger; (→ movements) guider; (→ traffic) régler(b) Cinema, Radio & Television (film, programme) réaliser; (actors) diriger; Theatre (play) mettre en scène;∎ directed by Danny Boyle Cinema, Radio & Television réalisation Danny Boyle; Theatre mise f en scène Danny Boyle∎ please direct your remarks to the chairperson veuillez adresser vos observations au président;∎ the accusation was directed at him l'accusation le visait;∎ he directed my attention to the map il a attiré mon attention sur la carte;∎ we should direct all our efforts towards improving our education service nous devrions consacrer tous nos efforts à améliorer notre système scolaire∎ I directed my steps homewards je me suis dirigé vers la maison;∎ can you direct me to the train station? pourriez-vous m'indiquer le chemin de la gare?(e) (instruct) ordonner;∎ he directed them to leave at once il leur a donné l'ordre de partir immédiatement;∎ she directed him to take control of the project elle l'a chargé de prendre en main le projet;∎ I did as I was directed j'ai fait comme on m'avait dit ou comme on m'en avait donné l'ordre;∎ take as directed (on drugs packaging) se conformer à la prescription du médecin∎ to direct the jury instruire le jury;∎ the judge directed the jury to bring in a verdict of guilty le juge incita le jury à rendre un verdict de culpabilité;∎ American directed verdict = verdict rendu par le jury sur la recommandation du juge∎ it's her first chance to direct Cinema, Radio & Television c'est la première fois qu'elle a l'occasion de faire de la réalisation; Theatre c'est la première fois qu'elle a l'occasion de faire de la mise en scène;∎ he's never directed before il n'a jamais fait de mise en scène(a) (straight) direct;∎ direct flight/route vol m/chemin m direct;∎ direct heating/lighting chauffage m/éclairage m direct(b) (immediate → cause, effect) direct, immédiat;∎ she has direct control over the finances les questions financières relèvent directement de sa responsabilité;∎ he's a direct descendant of the King il descend du roi en ligne directe;∎ keep out of direct sunlight (on packaging) évitez l'exposition directe au soleil;∎ you're not in direct danger of catching the disease vous ne courez pas de risque immédiat d'attraper cette maladie∎ he was always very direct with us il nous a toujours parlé très franchement;∎ she asked some very direct questions elle a posé des questions parfois très directes∎ direct quotation citation f exacte;∎ it's the direct opposite of what I said c'est exactement le contraire de ce que j'ai dit4 adverb(go) directement, tout droit;∎ to travel direct from London to Edinburgh prendre un train/un vol/ etc direct de Londres à Edimbourg;∎ to dispatch goods direct to sb expédier des marchandises directement à qn;∎ the concert will be broadcast direct from Paris ce concert sera transmis en direct de Paris►► Computing direct access accès m direct;direct action action f directe;direct advertising publicité f directe;direct banking banque f à distance;Telecommunications direct broadcast satellite satellite m de télédiffusion directe;direct costs charges fpl directes, frais mpl directs;direct cost accounting (méthode f de) comptabilité f des coûts variables;direct costing méthode f des coûts variables ou proportionnels;Electricity direct current courant m continu;∎ to pay by direct debit payer par prélèvement automatique;Telecommunications direct dialling automatique m;direct fixed costs coûts mpl fixes directs ou attribuables;direct hit coup m au but;∎ to score a direct hit on sth (of bomber) toucher qch en plein dans le mille; (of bomb) tomber en plein dans qch;∎ the missile made a direct hit le missile a atteint son objectif;∎ the palace is built to withstand a direct hit le palais a été construit pour résister à une bombe lâché d'un avion ou à un missile;∎ the ship suffered two direct hits from missiles le bateau a été touché par deux missiles;direct investment investissement m direct;direct labour main-d'œuvre f directe;direct labour cost prix m de la main-d'œuvre directe;Telecommunications direct line ligne f directe;direct mail advertising publicité f directe, publicité f par publipostage;direct mail campaign campagne f de publicité directe;direct marketing marketing m direct;Computing direct memory access accès m direct à la mémoire;Grammar direct object complément m (d'objet) direct;direct purchasing achats mpl directs;Grammar direct question question f au style direct;Politics direct rule = contrôle direct du maintien de l'ordre par le gouvernement britannique en Irlande du Nord imposé en 1972;direct selling vente f directe;Finance direct tax impôt m direct;Finance direct taxation imposition f directe -
2 questions du ressort direct de l'assemblée générale
вопросы, прямо отнесенные к компетенции общего собранияLe dictionnaire commercial Français-Russe > questions du ressort direct de l'assemblée générale
-
3 questions du ressort direct de l'assemblée générale
сущ.бизн. вопросы, прямо отнесённые к компетенции общего собранияФранцузско-русский универсальный словарь > questions du ressort direct de l'assemblée générale
-
4 what
(whoever, whatever, wherever etc: No matter what happens, I'll go.) pase lo que pase, sea lo que seawhat1 adj1. quéwhat time is it? ¿qué hora es?what cheese shall I buy? ¿qué queso compro?what is your address? ¿cuál es tu dirección?2. quéwhat a lovely dress! ¡qué vestido más mono!what about...? ¿qué tal...? / ¿qué te parece...?what about a cup of tea? ¿qué tal una taza de té?what2 pron1. qué2. lo quedid you hear what he said? ¿has oído lo que ha dicho?tr[wɒt]1 (direct questions) qué■ what time is it? ¿qué hora es?■ what colour is it? ¿de qué color es?■ what kind of music do you like? ¿qué tipo de música te gusta?■ what film did you see? ¿qué película viste?2 (indirect questions) qué3 (exclamations) qué■ what a man! ¡qué hombre!■ what a smart car! ¡qué coche más chulo!■ what a pity! ¡qué lástima!■ what beautiful flowers! ¡qué flores más preciosas!4 (all the) todo,-a■ what little free time she has she spends with her family el poco tiempo libre que tiene lo pasa con su familia1 (direct questions) qué■ what is it? ¿qué es?■ what do you do? ¿a qué te dedicas?■ what are you doing? ¿qué haces?■ what's your name? ¿cómo te llamas?■ what's that for? ¿para qué sirve eso?■ what does this word mean? ¿qué significa esta palabra?■ what does she look like? ¿cómo es ella?■ what did he say? ¿qué dijo?2 (indirect questions) qué3 lo que1 ¡cómo!■ what! you've lost it! ¡cómo! ¡lo has perdido!\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLand what not y tal, cosas por el estiloguess what? ¿sabes qué?or what? ¿o qué?to give somebody what for darle a alguien su merecidoto know what's what saber de qué va la cosa, estar al tantowhat about...? ¿qué tal...?, ¿qué te parece...?■ what about Friday? ¿qué tal el viernes?■ what about the cat? ¿y el gato qué?■ what about that drink you owe me? ¿qué hay de la copa que me debes?■ what about seeing a film? ¿qué te parece ver una película?what have you y talwhat if...? ¿y si...?■ what if there's no answer? ¿y si no contestan?what of it? ¿y qué?what with... and... entre... y..., con lo de... y...■ what with the wedding, the fire and everything con lo de la boda, el incendio y todowhat's more y ademáswhat ['hwɑt, 'hwʌt] adv1) how: cómo, cúantowhat he suffered!: ¡cómo sufría!2)what with : entrewhat with one thing and another: entre una cosa y otrawhat adjwhat more do you want?: ¿qué más quieres?what color is it?: ¿de qué color es?what an idea!: ¡qué idea!3) any, whatever: cualquiergive what help you can: da cualquier contribución que puedaswhat pronwhat happened?: ¿qué pasó?what does it cost?: ¿cuánto cuesta?I don't know what to do: no sé que hacerdo what I tell you: haz lo que te digo3)what for why: porqué4)what if : y siwhat if he knows?: ¿y si lo sabe?adj.• cuál adj.pron.• cuál pron.• que pron.• qué pron.
I hwɑːt, wɒt1) ( in questions) quéwhat's that? — ¿qué es eso?
what's the problem? — ¿cuál es el problema?
what is 28 divided by 12? — ¿cuánto es 28 dividido (por) 12?
what's `I don't understand' in Russian? — ¿cómo se dice `no entiendo' en ruso?
what do you mean? — ¿qué quieres decir?
what did you pay? — ¿cuánto pagaste?
what's the jacket made (out) of? — ¿de qué es la chaqueta?
I threw it away - you did what? — lo tiré a la basura - ¿qué?
what? — ( say that again) ¿cómo?, ¿qué?; ( expressing disbelief) ¿qué?, ¿que qué?
2) (in phrases)or what? — (colloq) ¿o qué?
are you stupid, or what? — ¿eres tonto o qué?
so what? — ¿y qué?
what about: but what about the children? y los niños ¿qué?; what about my work? - what about it? ¿y mi trabajo? - ¿y qué?; you know Julie's boyfriend? - yes, what about him? ¿conoces al novio de Julie? - sí ¿por qué?; what... for: what's this button for? ¿para qué es este botón?; what are you complaining for? ¿por qué te quejas?; to give somebody what for (colloq) darle* una buena a alguien (fam); what have you (colloq): she sells postcards and souvenirs and what have you vende postales, recuerdos y esas cosas or y demás; what if: what if she finds out? ¿y si se entera?; what... like: what's she like? ¿cómo es?; what does he look like? ¿cómo es físicamente?, ¿qué aspecto tiene?; what's his new film like? ¿qué tal es su nueva película?; what of: so we're not married: what of it? no estamos casados ¿y qué?; what's-her/-his/-its-name (colloq): go and ask what's-her-name next door ve y pregúntale a la de al lado ¿cómo se llama?; the what's-its-name o what-d' you call it is broken la cosa ésa está rota (fam), el chisme ése está roto (Esp, Méx fam); what with entre; what with one thing and another, I haven't had time — entre una cosa y otra, no he tenido tiempo
3)a) ( in indirect speech) qué(do) you know what? I'll ask him for a raise! — ¿sabes qué? or ¿sabes qué te digo? le voy a pedir aumento!
(I'll) tell you what,... — mira,...
b) ( relative use) lo queI don't know and, what's more, I don't care — no lo sé y lo que es más, no me importa
II
1)a) ( in questions) quéwhat book are you reading? — ¿qué libro estás leyendo?
what color are the walls? — ¿de qué color son las paredes?
what more does he want? — ¿qué más quiere?
b) ( in indirect speech) quéshe didn't know what color to choose/what language they were speaking — no sabía qué color elegir/en qué idioma estaban hablando
c) (all of the, any)what few hotels there were were full — los pocos hoteles que había, estaban llenos
what little she owned she left to her son — lo poco que tenía, se lo dejó a su hijo
2) ( in exclamations) quéwhat a friend you've turned out to be! — (iro) valiente or vaya amigo has resultado ser tú!
[wɒt]what a lot of people! — cuánta gente!, qué cantidad de gente!
1. PRONOUNa)In direct questions, what can generally be translated by qué with an accent: quéwhat do you want now? — ¿qué quieres ahora?
what's in here? — ¿qué hay aquí dentro?
what is it now? — y ahora ¿qué?
what does he owe his success to?, to what does he owe his success? — frm ¿a qué debe su éxito?
what's a tractor, Daddy? — ¿qué es un tractor, papá?
Only use [¿qué es...?]/[¿qué son...?] to translate [what is]/[are] when asking for a [definition]. In other contexts use [¿cuál es?]/[¿cuáles son?]:what are capers? — ¿qué son las alcaparras?
what's the capital of Finland? — ¿cuál es la capital de Finlandia?
what's her telephone number? — ¿cuál es su número de teléfono?
However, not all expressions with [what] should be translated literally. Some require [qué] used adjectivally:what were the greatest problems? — ¿cuáles eran los mayores problemas?
what is the difference? — ¿qué diferencia hay?
what are your plans? — ¿qué planes tienes?
what's the Spanish for "pen"? — ¿cómo se dice "pen" en español?
what's your name? — ¿cómo te llamas?
b) (=how much) cuántowhat will it cost? — ¿cuánto va a costar?
what does it weigh? — ¿cuánto pesa?
what's nine times five? — ¿cuánto es nueve por cinco?
c) (=what did you say) cómo, quéwhat? I didn't catch that — ¿cómo? or ¿qué?, no he entendido eso
what did you say? — ¿cómo or qué dices?, ¿qué has dicho?, ¿qué dijiste? (LAm)
d) (Brit) † (as question tag) verdadit's getting late, what? — se está haciendo tarde ¿no? or ¿verdad?
a)In most cases, translate the pronoun what using either qué with an accent or lo que without an accent: qué, lo que•
he asked her what she thought of it — le preguntó qué or lo que pensaba de elloUse [cuál era]/[cuáles son] {etc} instead of [lo que era]/[lo que son] {etc} if [what was]/[are] {etc} does not relate to a definition:I asked him what DNA was — le pregunté qué or lo que era el ADN
•
please explain what you saw — por favor, explique qué or lo que viocan you explain what's happening? — ¿me puedes explicar (qué es) lo que está pasando?
he explained what it was — explicó qué era or lo que era
•
do you know what's happening? — ¿sabes qué or lo que está pasando?I don't know what's happening — no sé qué está pasando, no sé (qué es) lo que está pasando
•
tell me what happened — cuéntame qué or lo que ocurriób) (=how much) cuánto3) (before an infinitive) qué4) (relative use) lo queI've no clothes except what I'm wearing — no tengo ropa, aparte de lo que llevo puesto
and what have you {or}3} what not * y qué sé yo qué más, y qué sé yo cuántas cosas más to give sb what for * regañar a algn know whatwhat it is to be rich and famous! — ¡lo que es ser rico y famoso!
it was full of cream, jam, chocolate and I don't know what — estaba lleno de nata, mermelada, chocolate y no sé cuántas cosas más
you know what? I think he's drunk — creo que está borracho, ¿sabes?
to know what's what * saber cuántas son cinco * or what? *I know what, let's ring her up — se me ocurre una idea, vamos a llamarla por teléfono
do you want it or what? — ¿lo quieres o qué?
are you coming or what? — entonces ¿vienes o no?
I mean, is this sick, or what? — vamos, que es de verdadero mal gusto, ¿o no?
say what you like,... digas lo que digas,..., se diga lo que se diga,.... so what? * ¿y qué?is this luxury or what? — esto sí que es lujo, ¿eh?
so what if it does rain? — ¿y qué, si llueve?
(I'll) tell you what se me ocurre una idea, tengo una idea what aboutso what if he is gay? — ¿y qué (pasa) si es gay?, ¿y qué importa que sea gay?
what about me? — y yo ¿qué?
what about next week? — ¿qué te parece la semana que viene?
"your car..." - "what about it?" * — -tu coche... -¿qué pasa con mi coche?
what about going to the cinema? — ¿qué tal si vamos al cine?, ¿y si vamos al cine?
what about lunch, shall we go out? — ¿y para comer? ¿salimos fuera? or ¿qué tal si salimos fuera?
what for? (=why) ¿por qué?; (=to what purpose) ¿para qué?what about people who haven't got cars? — ¿y la gente que no tiene coche?
what are you doing that for? — ¿por or para qué haces eso?
what if...? ¿y si...?what's that button for? — ¿para qué es ese botón?
what if this doesn't work out? — ¿y si esto no funciona?
what ofwhat if he says no? — ¿y si dice que no?
but what of the political leaders? — pero, ¿y qué hay de los líderes políticos?
what's...what of it? * — y eso ¿qué importa?
what's it like? (asking for description) ¿cómo es?; (asking for evaluation) ¿qué tal es?what's surprising is that we hadn't heard of this before — lo sorprendente es que no nos habíamos enterado antes
what's their new house like? — ¿cómo es su nueva casa?
what's his first novel like? — ¿qué tal es su primera novela?
and what's more... y, además,... what's that? (asking about sth) ¿qué es eso?; (=what did you say?) ¿qué has dicho?what will the weather be like tomorrow? — ¿qué tal tiempo va a hacer mañana?
what's worsewhat's that to you? * — ¿eso qué tiene que ver contigo?, ¿a ti qué te importa? *
what withand what's worse... — y lo que es peor...
what with the stress and lack of sleep, I was in a terrible state — entre la tensión y la falta de sueño me encontraba fatal
2. ADJECTIVEwhat dress shall I wear? — ¿qué vestido me pongo?
what colour is it? — ¿de qué color es?
•
she asked me what day she should come — me preguntó qué día tenía que venir•
he explained what ingredients are used — explicó qué ingredientes se usan•
what good would that do? — ¿de qué serviría eso?•
do you know what music they're going to play? — ¿sabes qué música van a tocar?•
did they tell you what time they'd be arriving? — ¿te dijeron a qué hora llegarían?2) (relative)Remember to put an accent on qué in exclamations as well as in direct and indirect questions:I gave him what money/coins I had — le di todo el dinero/todas las monedas que tenía
what a nuisance! — ¡qué lata!
what a fool I was! — ¡qué tonto fui!
what an ugly dog! — ¡qué perro más or tan feo!
what a lot of people! — ¡qué cantidad de gente!
what an excuse! — iro ¡buen pretexto!, ¡vaya excusa!
3.EXCLAMATION ¡qué!what! you sold it! — ¿qué? ¡lo has vendido!
what! you expect me to believe that! — ¿qué? ¿esperas que me crea eso?
what! he can't be a spy! — ¿qué? ¿cómo va a ser un espía?
you told him what? — ¿que le has dicho qué?
you what?"he's getting married" - "what!" — se casa - ¿cómo dices?
"I'm going to be an actress" - "you what?" * — -voy a hacerme actriz -¿cómo or qué dices?
I'm going to have a baby - you what? — -voy a tener un niño -¡¿que vas a tener un qué?!
* * *
I [hwɑːt, wɒt]1) ( in questions) quéwhat's that? — ¿qué es eso?
what's the problem? — ¿cuál es el problema?
what is 28 divided by 12? — ¿cuánto es 28 dividido (por) 12?
what's `I don't understand' in Russian? — ¿cómo se dice `no entiendo' en ruso?
what do you mean? — ¿qué quieres decir?
what did you pay? — ¿cuánto pagaste?
what's the jacket made (out) of? — ¿de qué es la chaqueta?
I threw it away - you did what? — lo tiré a la basura - ¿qué?
what? — ( say that again) ¿cómo?, ¿qué?; ( expressing disbelief) ¿qué?, ¿que qué?
2) (in phrases)or what? — (colloq) ¿o qué?
are you stupid, or what? — ¿eres tonto o qué?
so what? — ¿y qué?
what about: but what about the children? y los niños ¿qué?; what about my work? - what about it? ¿y mi trabajo? - ¿y qué?; you know Julie's boyfriend? - yes, what about him? ¿conoces al novio de Julie? - sí ¿por qué?; what... for: what's this button for? ¿para qué es este botón?; what are you complaining for? ¿por qué te quejas?; to give somebody what for (colloq) darle* una buena a alguien (fam); what have you (colloq): she sells postcards and souvenirs and what have you vende postales, recuerdos y esas cosas or y demás; what if: what if she finds out? ¿y si se entera?; what... like: what's she like? ¿cómo es?; what does he look like? ¿cómo es físicamente?, ¿qué aspecto tiene?; what's his new film like? ¿qué tal es su nueva película?; what of: so we're not married: what of it? no estamos casados ¿y qué?; what's-her/-his/-its-name (colloq): go and ask what's-her-name next door ve y pregúntale a la de al lado ¿cómo se llama?; the what's-its-name o what-d' you call it is broken la cosa ésa está rota (fam), el chisme ése está roto (Esp, Méx fam); what with entre; what with one thing and another, I haven't had time — entre una cosa y otra, no he tenido tiempo
3)a) ( in indirect speech) qué(do) you know what? I'll ask him for a raise! — ¿sabes qué? or ¿sabes qué te digo? le voy a pedir aumento!
(I'll) tell you what,... — mira,...
b) ( relative use) lo queI don't know and, what's more, I don't care — no lo sé y lo que es más, no me importa
II
1)a) ( in questions) quéwhat book are you reading? — ¿qué libro estás leyendo?
what color are the walls? — ¿de qué color son las paredes?
what more does he want? — ¿qué más quiere?
b) ( in indirect speech) quéshe didn't know what color to choose/what language they were speaking — no sabía qué color elegir/en qué idioma estaban hablando
c) (all of the, any)what few hotels there were were full — los pocos hoteles que había, estaban llenos
what little she owned she left to her son — lo poco que tenía, se lo dejó a su hijo
2) ( in exclamations) quéwhat a friend you've turned out to be! — (iro) valiente or vaya amigo has resultado ser tú!
what a lot of people! — cuánta gente!, qué cantidad de gente!
-
5 whose
hu:z
1. adjective, pronoun(belonging to which person(?): Whose is this jacket?; Whose (jacket) is this?; Whose car did you come back in?; In whose house did this incident happen?; Tell me whose (pens) these are.) de quién/quiénes
2. relative adjective, relative pronoun(of whom or which (the): Show me the boy whose father is a policeman; What is the name of the man whose this book is?)whose1 adj de quiénwhose car is this? ¿de quién es este coche?whose2 pron cuyotr[hʊːz]1 (direct questions) de quién/quiénes■ whose is this? ¿de quién es esto?2 (indirect questions) de quién/quiénes1 (direct questions) de quién/quiénes■ whose dog is this? de quién es este perro?■ whose fault is it? ¿quién tiene la culpa?2 (indirect questions) de quién/quiénes3 (relative) cuyo,-a, cuyos,-aswhose ['hu:z] adjwhose truck is that?: ¿de quién es ese camión?the person whose work is finished: la persona cuyo trabajo está terminadowhose pron: de quiéntell me whose it was: dime de quién erapron.• cuyo pron.• de quien pron.• de quién pron.
I huːzpronoun (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiéneswhose is this? — ¿de quién es esto?
whose are these? — ¿de quién/de quiénes son éstos?
II
a) (in questions, indirect questions) (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiéneswhose book is this? — ¿de quién es este libro?
whose keys are these? — ¿de quién son estas llaves?
whose coats are those? — ¿de quiénes son esos abrigos?
do you know whose house that is? — ¿sabes de quién es esa casa?
b) ( as relative) (sing) cuyo; (pl) cuyos[huːz]1.PRON (in direct and indirect questions) de quiénwhose is this? — ¿de quién es esto?
whose are these? — (1 owner expected) ¿de quién son estos?; (2 or more owners expected) ¿de quiénes son estos?
2. ADJ1) (in direct and indirect questions) de quiénwhose purse is this? — ¿de quién es este monedero?
whose cars are these? — (1 owner expected) ¿de quién son estos coches?; (2 or more owners expected) ¿de quiénes son estos coches?
whose fault was it? — ¿quién tuvo la culpa?
whose car did you go in? — ¿en qué coche fuiste?
do you know whose hat this is? — ¿sabes de quién es este sombrero?
2) (relative) cuyoWHOSEthose whose passports I have — aquellas personas cuyos pasaportes tengo, or de las que tengo pasaportes
In direct and indirect questions
► Whose in direct questions as well as after report verbs and expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé) translates as de quién/de quiénes, {never} cuyo:
Whose coat is this? ¿De quién es este abrigo?
He asked us whose coats they were Nos preguntó de quiénes eran los abrigos
I don't know whose umbrella this is No sé de quién es este paraguas
As a relative
► In relative clauses whose can be translated by cuyo/cuya/cuyos/ cuyas and must agree with the following noun:
The man whose daughter is a friend of Emily's works for the Government El señor cuya hija es amiga de Emily trabaja para el Gobierno
... the house whose roof collapsed...... la casa cuyo tejado se hundió... When w hose refers to more than one noun, make cuyo agree with the first:
... a party whose policies and strategies are very extremist...... un partido cuya política y tácticas son muy extremistas... ► However, cuyo is not much used in spoken Spanish. Try using another structure instead:
... the house whose roof collapsed...... la casa a la que se le hundió el tejado...
My daughter, whose short story won a prize in the school competition, wants to be a journalist Mi hija, a quien premiaron por su relato en el concurso de la escuela, quiere ser periodista NOTE: There is no accent on q uien here, as it is a relative pronoun. For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I [huːz]pronoun (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiéneswhose is this? — ¿de quién es esto?
whose are these? — ¿de quién/de quiénes son éstos?
II
a) (in questions, indirect questions) (sing) de quién; (pl) de quiéneswhose book is this? — ¿de quién es este libro?
whose keys are these? — ¿de quién son estas llaves?
whose coats are those? — ¿de quiénes son esos abrigos?
do you know whose house that is? — ¿sabes de quién es esa casa?
b) ( as relative) (sing) cuyo; (pl) cuyos -
6 which
wi
1. adjective, pronoun(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) cuál
2. relative pronoun((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) que
3. relative adjective, relative pronoun(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.)- which is which? - which is which
which1 adj cuál / quéwhich one is yours? ¿cuál es el tuyo?which2 pron1. cuál / quéwhich of the houses is yours? ¿cuál de las casas es la tuya?2. quetr[wɪʧ]1 (direct questions) qué, cuál, cuáles■ which size? ¿qué tamaño/talla?■ which colour do you prefer? ¿qué color prefieres?■ which newspaper do you read? ¿qué periódico lees?■ which one do you like best? ¿cuál te gusta más?2 (indirect questions) qué1 (questions) cuál, cuáles■ which do you want? ¿cuál quieres?■ which is your car? ¿cuál es tu coche?■ which is mine? ¿cuál es el mío?2 (indirect questions) cuál3 (defining relative) que; (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual, los/las que, los/las cuales4 (non-defining relative) el/la cual, los/las cuales■ two glasses, one of which was dirty dos copas, una de las cuales estaba sucia5 (referring to a clause) lo que, lo cual■ he lost, which was sad perdió, lo cual era triste\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLin which case en cuyo casowhich ['hwɪʧ] adj: qué, cuálwhich tie do you prefer?: ¿cuál corbata prefieres?which ones?: ¿cuáles?tell me which house is yours: dime qué casa es la tuyawhich pron1) : cuálwhich is the right answer?: ¿cuál es la respuesta correcta?2) : que, el (la) cualthe cup which broke: la taza que se quebróthe house, which is made of brick: la casa, la cual es de ladrillopron.• qué pron.adj.• cuál adj.• el cual adj.• que adj.pron.• cual pron.• cuál pron.• que pron.
I hwɪtʃ, wɪtʃ1)a) (in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáleswhich of you wrote this? — ¿cuál or quién de ustedes escribió esto?
b) ( in indirect use) cuáldo you know which she chose? — ¿sabes cuál eligió?
2) ( as relative)the newspaper in which the article appeared — el diario en el que or en el cual apareció el artículo
he said it was an accident, which I know is not true — dijo que había sido un accidente, lo cual sé que no es cierto
II
1)a) ( in questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesin which European city is it? — ¿en qué or cuál ciudad europea está?
b) ( in indirect questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesask her which chapters we have to read — pregúntale qué or cuales capítulos hay que leer
2) ( as relative)[wɪtʃ]we arrived at two, by which time they had gone — llegamos a las dos y para entonces ya se habían ido
1. PRONOUN1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)
Which/which one/ which ones in direct and indirect questions and after expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé) usually translate as cuál/cuáles: cuálwhich do you want? — (offering one) ¿cuál quieres?; (offering two or more) ¿cuáles quieres?
which of you did it? — ¿cuál de vosotros lo hizo?
which of you is Kathleen? — ¿cuál de vosotras es Kathleen?
2) (relative)In relative clauses where which defines the noun it refers to, you can usually translate it as que. Note that in this type of sentence which can be substituted by that in English: quethe letter which came this morning was from my niece — la carta que llegó esta mañana era de mi sobrina
If [which] is the object of a preposition, you can either translate it as [que] (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + [cual]/[cuales]. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:do you remember the house which we saw last week? — ¿te acuerdas de la casa que vimos la semana pasada?
your letter, which I received this morning, cheered me up — tu carta, que or more frm la cual he recibido esta mañana, me ha levantado el ánimo
the bull which I'm talking about — el toro del que or more frm del cual estoy hablando
the meeting which we attended — la reunión a la que or more frm a la cual asistimos
the hotel at which we stayed — el hotel en el que or more frm en el cual nos hospedamos
the cities to which we are going — las ciudades a las que or more frm a las cuales vamos
If instead of defining the noun the [which] clause merely adds additional information, you can translate [which] using either [que] or article + [cual]/[cuales]:he explained the means by which we could achieve our objective — explicó los medios a través de los cuales podíamos alcanzar nuestro objetivo
When which refers to the whole of a preceding sentence or idea, translate as lo que or lo cual:the oak dining-table, which was a present from my father, seats 10 people comfortably — la mesa de roble, que or la cual fue un regalo de mi padre, admite cómodamente diez comensales
it rained hard which upset her — llovió mucho, lo que or lo cual le disgustó
After a preposition only [lo cual] can be used:they left early, which my wife did not like at all — se marcharon pronto, lo cual or lo que no agradó nada a mi mujer
•
after which we went to bed — después de lo cual nos acostamos•
from which we deduce that... — de lo cual deducimos que...2. ADJECTIVE1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)When which is used as an interrogative adjective, translate using qué + noun when the possibilities are very open or cuál/cuáles de + article + plural noun when the possibilities are limited: quéwhich house do you live in? — ¿en qué casa vives?
which day are they coming? — ¿qué día vienen?
which picture do you prefer? — ¿qué cuadro prefieres?, ¿cuál de los cuadros prefieres?
which option do you prefer? — ¿cuál de las alternativas prefieres?
which way did she go? — ¿por dónde se fue?
•
which one? — ¿cuál?2) (relative)look which way you will... — mires por donde mires...
he used "peradventure", which word is now archaic — frm dijo "peradventure", palabra que ha quedado ahora anticuada
•
he didn't get here till 10, by which time Jane had already left — no llegó hasta las 10 y para entonces Jane ya se había ido* * *
I [hwɪtʃ, wɪtʃ]1)a) (in questions) (sing) cuál; (pl) cuáleswhich of you wrote this? — ¿cuál or quién de ustedes escribió esto?
b) ( in indirect use) cuáldo you know which she chose? — ¿sabes cuál eligió?
2) ( as relative)the newspaper in which the article appeared — el diario en el que or en el cual apareció el artículo
he said it was an accident, which I know is not true — dijo que había sido un accidente, lo cual sé que no es cierto
II
1)a) ( in questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesin which European city is it? — ¿en qué or cuál ciudad europea está?
b) ( in indirect questions) (sing) qué, cuál; (pl) qué, cuálesask her which chapters we have to read — pregúntale qué or cuales capítulos hay que leer
2) ( as relative)we arrived at two, by which time they had gone — llegamos a las dos y para entonces ya se habían ido
-
7 how
[haʊ] 1.1) (in what way, by what means) come2) (enquiring)3) (in number, quantity questions)how much does this cost? how much is this? quanto costa? how much do you weigh? quanto pesi? how many times have you been to France? quante volte sei stato in Francia? I don't know how many people will come non so quante persone verranno; how much time is there left? quanto tempo è rimasto? how long is the rope? quanto è lunga la corda? how old is he? quanti anni ha? how tall is the tree? quanto è alto l'albero? how far is it? — quanto dista?
5) (why)6) how come colloq."I don't like it" - "how come?" — "non mi piace" - "come mai?"
7) how's thatI'll take you home, how's that? — ti porto a casa, ti va?
how's that for an honest answer — è una risposta onesta, non ti pare?
2."he's called Nick" - "how's that?" — "si chiama Nick" - "come (hai detto)?"
1) colloq. (in whichever way) come2) (that) che••••Note:The different constructions of direct and indirect questions with how are to be noted: in direct questions, how is at the beginning of the sentence and the auxiliary precedes the subject (how could you do that? = come hai potuto farlo?); in indirect questions, the subject precedes the verb (please, tell me how you could do that = per favore, dimmi come hai potuto farlo) or, alternatively, a verb in the infinitive may be used (please, tell me how to use this tool = per favore, dimmi come usare / come si usa questo strumento). - How may precede an adjective (how nice she is! = com'è carina!), an adverb (how often do you go to the cinema? = quanto spesso vai al cinema?), or a verb clause (how I wish I could swim! = quanto vorrei saper nuotare!). - When how is used as a question word meaning in what way ? or by what means? it is almost always translated by come: how did you get here? = come ci sei arrivato? how will you do it? = come lo farai? - When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which, it is often translated by come: I don't know how they did it = non so come l'hanno fatto; tell me how you write this word = dimmi come si scrive questa parola. - When how is used as a conjunction meaning that, it is almost always translated by che: you know how he always arrives late = sai che arriva sempre tardi; it's amazing how they survived = è sorprendente che siano sopravvissuti. - For more examples and particular usages see below* * *1. adverb, conjunction1) (in what way: How do you make bread?) come2) (to what extent: How do you like my new hat?; How far is Paris from London?) come, quanto3) (by what means: I've no idea how he came here.) come4) (in what condition: How are you today?; How do I look?) come5) (for what reason: How is it that I am the last to know about this?) come•- however2. conjunction(in no matter what way: This painting still looks wrong however you look at it.) in qualsiasi modo- how come
- how do you do?* * *[haʊ] 1.1) (in what way, by what means) come2) (enquiring)3) (in number, quantity questions)how much does this cost? how much is this? quanto costa? how much do you weigh? quanto pesi? how many times have you been to France? quante volte sei stato in Francia? I don't know how many people will come non so quante persone verranno; how much time is there left? quanto tempo è rimasto? how long is the rope? quanto è lunga la corda? how old is he? quanti anni ha? how tall is the tree? quanto è alto l'albero? how far is it? — quanto dista?
5) (why)6) how come colloq."I don't like it" - "how come?" — "non mi piace" - "come mai?"
7) how's thatI'll take you home, how's that? — ti porto a casa, ti va?
how's that for an honest answer — è una risposta onesta, non ti pare?
2."he's called Nick" - "how's that?" — "si chiama Nick" - "come (hai detto)?"
1) colloq. (in whichever way) come2) (that) che••••Note:The different constructions of direct and indirect questions with how are to be noted: in direct questions, how is at the beginning of the sentence and the auxiliary precedes the subject (how could you do that? = come hai potuto farlo?); in indirect questions, the subject precedes the verb (please, tell me how you could do that = per favore, dimmi come hai potuto farlo) or, alternatively, a verb in the infinitive may be used (please, tell me how to use this tool = per favore, dimmi come usare / come si usa questo strumento). - How may precede an adjective (how nice she is! = com'è carina!), an adverb (how often do you go to the cinema? = quanto spesso vai al cinema?), or a verb clause (how I wish I could swim! = quanto vorrei saper nuotare!). - When how is used as a question word meaning in what way ? or by what means? it is almost always translated by come: how did you get here? = come ci sei arrivato? how will you do it? = come lo farai? - When how is used as a conjunction meaning the way in which, it is often translated by come: I don't know how they did it = non so come l'hanno fatto; tell me how you write this word = dimmi come si scrive questa parola. - When how is used as a conjunction meaning that, it is almost always translated by che: you know how he always arrives late = sai che arriva sempre tardi; it's amazing how they survived = è sorprendente che siano sopravvissuti. - For more examples and particular usages see below -
8 when
1. wen adverb(at what time(?): When did you arrive?; When will you see her again?; I asked him when the incident had occurred; Tell me when to jump.) cuando
2. wən, wen conjunction1) ((at or during) the time at which: It happened when I was abroad; When you see her, give her this message; When I've finished, I'll telephone you.) cuando2) (in spite of the fact that; considering that: Why do you walk when you have a car?) si•- whence- whenever
when1 adv cuándowhen did you sell your car? ¿cuándo vendiste tu coche?when2 conj cuandoit was different when I was a boy cuando yo era niño, era diferentetr[wen]1 (direct questions) cuándo■ when did it happen? ¿cuándo pasó?■ when are they coming? ¿cuándo vendrán?■ when did she die? ¿cuándo murió?■ since when? ¿desde cuándo?2 (indirect questions) cuándo3 (at which, on which) cuando, en que■ August is the month when everyone goes on holiday agosto es el mes en que todo el mundo se va de vacaciones1 (at the time that) cuando2 (whenever) cuando, siempre que3 (considering) cuando, si■ why do you want to move when you've got such a nice house? ¿por qué te quieres mudar si tienes una casa tan bonita?4 (although) cuando, aunque■ they said it was an antique when in fact it was a reproduction dijeron que era una antigüedad cuando en realidad era una reproducción1 cuando\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLwhen ['hwɛn] adv: cuándowhen will you return?: ¿cuándo volverás?he asked me when I would be home: me preguntó cuándo estaría en casawhen conjwhen you are ready: cuando estés listothe days when I clean the house: los días en que limpio la casa2) if: cuando, sihow can I go when I have no money?: ¿cómo voy a ir si no tengo dinero?3) although: cuandoyou said it was big when actually it's small: dijiste que era grande cuando en realidad es pequeñowhen pron: cuándosince when are you the boss?: ¿desde cuándo eres el jefe?adv.• como adv.• cuando adv.• cuándo adv.conj.• cuando conj.• que conj.
I hwen, wen1) (in questions, indirect questions) cuándowhen did you arrive? — ¿cuándo llegaste?
that was when I realized that... — fue entonces cuando or (esp AmL tb) que me di cuenta de que...
2) ( as relative)in December, when we were on holiday — en diciembre, cuando estábamos de vacaciones
II
1)a) ( temporal sense) cuandob) (if) si, cuandothese results aren't bad when you compare them with... — estos resultados no son malos si or cuando se los compara con...
2)a) (since, considering that) si, cuandowhy go to a hotel when you can stay here? — ¿por qué ir a un hotel si or cuando te puedes quedar aquí?
b) ( although) cuandohe said he was 18 when in fact he's only 15 — dijo que tenía 18 años cuando en realidad sólo tiene 15
III
pronoun cuándowhen do you have to be in London by? — ¿para cuándo tienes que estar en Londres?
[wen]since when have they had the farm? — ¿desde cuándo tienen la granja?, ¿cuánto hace que tienen la granja?
1. ADVERB1) (in direct and indirect questions, reported speech)
When in direct and indirect questions as well as after expressions of (un)certainty and doubt (e.g. no sé) translates as cuándo (with an accent) and is used with the indicative: cuándowhen did it happen? — ¿cuándo ocurrió?
•
he asked me when I had seen it — me preguntó cuándo lo había visto•
do you know when he died? — ¿sabes cuándo murió?say when! (when serving food, drink) ¡dime cuánto! since when•
he told me when the wedding would be — me dijo cuándo sería la bodatill when? ¿hasta cuándo?since when do you like or have you liked Indian food? — ¿desde cuándo te gusta la comida india?
2) (in exclamations) cuándowhen will we learn to keep our mouths shut! — ¡cuándo aprenderemos a callar la boca!
a) (=the time, day, moment etc) cuandoMonday? that's when Ted gets back — ¿el lunes? ese día es cuando vuelve Ted
If when follows a noun (e.g. day, time) and defines the noun, translate using ( en) que not cuando:1958: that's when I was born — 1958: (en) ese año nací yo
(en) quethere are times when I wish I'd never met him — hay momentos en los que desearía no haberlo conocido nunca
c)If the when clause following a noun provides additional information which does not define or restrict the noun - in English as in Spanish commas are obligatory here - translate using cuando:
cuandosome days, when we're very busy, we don't finish work till very late — algunos días, cuando tenemos mucho trabajo, no acabamos hasta muy tarde
2. CONJUNCTION1) (=at, during or after the time that)As a conjunction, when can be translated by cuando (without an accent) followed by either the indicative or the subjunctive. Use the indicative when talking about the past or making general statements about the present. Use the subjunctive when the action is or was in the future: cuandoIf [when] + verb can be substituted by [on] + '-ing' in English and describes an action that takes place at the same time as another one or follows it very closely, you can use [al] + infinitive:he arrived at 8 o'clock, when traffic is at its peak — llegó a las ocho en punto, en lo peor del tráfico
be careful when crossing or when you cross the road — ten cuidado al cruzar la calle
when a student at Oxford, she... — cuando era estudiante or estudiaba en Oxford...
my father, when young, had a fine tenor voice — mi padre, de joven or cuando era joven, tenía una buena voz de tenor
when just three years old, he was... — cuando tenía solo tres años, era...
hardly had the film begun when there was a power cut — apenas había empezado la película cuando se fue la corriente
2) (=if) si, cuandothis sounds expensive when compared with other cars — este parece caro si or cuando se compara con otros coches
how can I relax when I've got loads of things to do? — ¿cómo puedo relajarme si or cuando tengo montones de cosas que hacer?
3) (=whereas) cuandohe thought he was recovering, when in fact... — pensaba que se estaba recuperando, cuando de hecho...
she made us study when all we wanted to do was play — nos hacía estudiar cuando lo único que queríamos hacer era jugar
* * *
I [hwen, wen]1) (in questions, indirect questions) cuándowhen did you arrive? — ¿cuándo llegaste?
that was when I realized that... — fue entonces cuando or (esp AmL tb) que me di cuenta de que...
2) ( as relative)in December, when we were on holiday — en diciembre, cuando estábamos de vacaciones
II
1)a) ( temporal sense) cuandob) (if) si, cuandothese results aren't bad when you compare them with... — estos resultados no son malos si or cuando se los compara con...
2)a) (since, considering that) si, cuandowhy go to a hotel when you can stay here? — ¿por qué ir a un hotel si or cuando te puedes quedar aquí?
b) ( although) cuandohe said he was 18 when in fact he's only 15 — dijo que tenía 18 años cuando en realidad sólo tiene 15
III
pronoun cuándowhen do you have to be in London by? — ¿para cuándo tienes que estar en Londres?
since when have they had the farm? — ¿desde cuándo tienen la granja?, ¿cuánto hace que tienen la granja?
-
9 whom
hu:mpronoun ((used as the object of a verb or preposition, but in everyday speech sometimes replaced by who) what person(s)(?): Whom/who do you want to see?; Whom/who did you give it to?; To whom shall I speak?) a quién/quiéneswhom pron1. quiénto whom did you speak? ¿con quién hablaste?2. quien / el que / la que / los que / las quetr[hʊːm]1 formal use (direct questions) a quién/quiénes■ whom did he kill? ¿a quién mató?■ to whom should I address it? ¿a quién debería ir dirigido?2 formal use (relative - defining) que, quien, quienes; (- after preposition) quien, quienes, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales3 (relative - non-defining) quien, quienes, el cual, la cual, los cuales, las cuales■ our guest, of whom you must all have heard,... nuestro invitado, de quien todos deben haber oído hablar,...■ the man, whom she'd met previously,... el hombre, a quien había conocido antes,...whom ['hu:m] pronwhom did you choose?: ¿a quién elegiste?I don't know whom to consult: no sé con quién consultarthe lawyer whom I recommended to you: el abogado que te recomendépron.)• quien, quién pron.pron.• a quien pron.• a quién (es) pron.• al que pron.• que pron.• quien pron.• quién pron.huːmpronoun (frml)a) (in questions, indirect questions)whom did you visit? — ¿a quién visitaste?
a letter from whom? — ¿una carta de quién?
b) ( as relative)the cousin whom I mentioned earlier — el primo que or a quien mencioné antes
the girls, both of whom could dance — las chicas, que ambas sabían bailar
[huːm]PRON frmwhom did you see? — ¿a quién viste?
from whom did you receive it? — ¿de quién lo recibiste?
2) (relative)the gentleman whom I saw — el señor a quien or al cual or al que vi; (less formal) el señor que vi
the lady whom I saw — la señora a quien or a la cual or a la que vi; (less formal) la señora que vi
the lady with whom I was talking — la señora con la que or con la cual or con quien hablaba
three policemen, none of whom wore a helmet — tres policías, ninguno de los cuales llevaba casco
three policemen, two of whom were drunk — tres policías, dos de los cuales estaban borrachos
three policemen, all of whom were drunk — tres policías, que estaban todos borrachos
See:WHO, WHOM in WHO* * *[huːm]pronoun (frml)a) (in questions, indirect questions)whom did you visit? — ¿a quién visitaste?
a letter from whom? — ¿una carta de quién?
b) ( as relative)the cousin whom I mentioned earlier — el primo que or a quien mencioné antes
the girls, both of whom could dance — las chicas, que ambas sabían bailar
-
10 an
an conj. I. Prop., in a disjunctive question introducing the latter clause; in Engl. represented by or and the interrog. form of the clause.—After utrum, in direct questions: utrum has corporis an Pythagorae tibi malis viris ingeni dari?: utrum superbiam prius commemorem an crudelitatem?: utrumne iussi persequemur otium, an, etc., H.—In indirect questions, whether... or: intellegere utrum pudor an timor valeret, Cs.: quaero, utrum clemens an inhumanissimus videatur: agitamus utrumne... an, etc., H.—After enclitic -ne in direct questions: vosne Domitium an vos Domitius deseruit? Cs.: uter... isne, qui... an ille, qui? etc.—Annon (an non) in the latter clause simply negatives the former: hocine agis an non? T.—Indirect, whether... or: agitur liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus: quaeso sitne aliqua actio an nulla.—Rarely annon: Roga velitne an non uxorem, T. — After a clause without correl. interrog. particle, in direct questions: ipse percussit an aliis occidendum dedit?: eloquar an sileam? V.—So with -ne pleonast.: obtrectatum esse, Gabinio dicam anne Pompeio, an utrique?—By ellips. of verb, an becomes simply disjunctive between two words: cum Simonides an quis alius polliceretur: cum id constaret, iure an iniuriā eripiendos esse reos, L.—Indirect: vivat an mortuus sit, quis curat?: hoc quaeramus, verum sit an falsum?— With ellips. of verb: neque, recte an perperam (sc. fiat), interpretor, L.; cf. discrimine recte an perperam facti confuso, L.—The former interrog. clause is often implied in a previous affirmation, and the clause with an expects a negative answer: quid enim actum est? an litteris pepercisti? (was it as I have said?), or did you, etc., i. e. you surely did not, etc.: at Pompeii voluntatem a me abalienabat oratio mea. An ille quemquam plus dilexit? or rather: sive vetabat, ‘an hoc inhonestum... necne sit addubites?’ (where an addubites asks a direct question, and hoc... sit an indirect question dependent on it), H.: quas Kalendas Iunias expectasti? an eas, ad quas, etc.?: an Scipio Gracchum interfecit, Catilinam... nos perferemus? or (if what I have said be questioned) while Scipio slew... are we to tolerate Catiline?—After a question, with num, an introduces a new question, correcting or denying the former, or rather: num iniquom postulo? an ne hoc quidem ego adipiscar...? or rather am I not even to get, etc., T.: num Homerum coegit obmutescere senectus? an studiorum agitatio vitae aequalis fuit? or was not rather? etc.—Sometimes the former interrog. clause, to be supplied, expects a negative answer, and the clause with an is an implied affirmation: a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit? Quibus? an iis, etc.: unde ordiar? an eadem attingam, quae, etc.—So often annon? or is it not so? hem quo fretus sim... annon dixi, etc., T.: annon sensistis triumphatum hodie de vobis esse? or have you not? etc., L. — Ellipt.: cuium pecus? an Meliboei? Meliboeus's, I suppose, V.— II. Meton., without disjunctive force.—With expressions of doubt, ignorance, uncertainty, the former interrog. clause is regularly omitted, the latter with an expressing the belief or opinion of the speaker, I know not but, I incline to think, I suspect, perhaps, probably: hau scio an quae dixit sint vera, T.: res nescio an maxima, L.: dubito an Apronio data sit merces: haud sciam an ne opus sit quidem, etc., possibly it may not be desirable: is mortuus est, nescio an antequam, etc.: Qui scis, an, quae iubeam, sine vi faciat, T.—In indirect questions, whether: quaesivi an misisset: quae in discrimine fuerunt, an ulla post hanc diem essent, L.—With an repeated: animo nunc huc nunc fluctuat illuc, an sese mucrone... Induat... Fluctibus an iaciat, V.: temptare an sit Corpus an illud ebur, O.* * *can it be that (introduces question expecting negative answer/further question); whether; (utrum... an = whether... or); or; either -
11 ποῦ
ποῦ interrog. marker of place (Hom.+).① interrogative reference to place without suggestion of movement, where(?), at which place(?)ⓐ in direct questions Mt 2:2; 26:17; Mk 14:12, 14; Lk 17:17, 37; 22:9, 11; J 1:38; 7:11; 8:10, 19; 9:12; 11:34 al.; 1 Cor 1:20; IEph 18:1 (both Is 19:12); H 9, 11, 3; GJs 21:1, 2 (codd.); 23:1a, 2. In rhetorical questions that expect a neg. answer where is? (Il. 5, 171; Diod S 14, 67, 1 ποῦ … ; ποῦ … ; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 4; TestJob 32:2ff; ApcEsdr 2:8 p. 28, 19 Tdf. al.; pap, LXX; Jos., Ant. 10, 156 al.; Ath., R. 21 p. 74, 16) Lk 8:25; Ro 3:27; 1 Cor 1:20abc (ποῦ in several direct questions consecutively as Libanius, Or. 61 p. 337, 18 F.); 12:17ab, 19; 15:55ab (Hos 13:14ab); Gal 4:15; 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31); 2 Pt 3:4.ⓑ in indir. questions instead of ὅπου w. indic. foll. (En 12:1b; ParJer 7:14) Mt 2:4; Mk 15:47; J 1:39; 11:57; 20:2, 13, 15; Rv 2:13; 1 Cl 40:3; GJs 23:1. W. subj. foll.: οὐκ ἔχειν ποῦ (Epict. 2, 4, 7) have no place, have nowhere Mt 8:20; Lk 9:58; 12:17. ποῦ αὐτὸν ἀποκρύψῃ where (Elizabeth) could hide (John) GJs 22:3.② interrogative reference to place with implication of movement (for ποῖ [q.v.], which is not found in Bibl. Gk.) where(?), whither(?), to what place(?) (Antiphon 2, 4, 8; X., Cyr. 1, 2, 16; Epict. [index Sch.]; Vett. Val. 137, 35; 341, 6; Alciphron 4, 13, 2; Gen 16:8; Judg 19:17; Jdth 10:12; 1 Macc 3:50; En, JosAs, ParJer, ApcMos—Kühner-G. I 545, 4; B-D-F §103; Rob. 298; AMaidhof, Z. Begriffsbestimmung der Koine: Beiträge zur histor. Syntax der Griech. Sprache 20, 1912, 298ff).ⓐ in direct questions (Cebes 6, 2; 20, 1; En 102:1; JosAs 6:2f; GrBar 9:2) J 7:35; 13:36; 16:5 (cp. the amulet of a polytheist in ABarb, Der Österreich. Limes XVI 54f ποῦ ὑπάγεις; also Rtzst., ARW 24, 1926, 176–78); 1 Cl 28:2, 3 (Ps 138:7), 4. ποῦ σε ἀπάξω where should I bring you? GJs ποῦ πορεύῃ 19:1 (codd.).ⓑ in indir. questions (En 12:1a; ParJer 5:13; ApcMos 42) J 3:8; 8:14ab; 12:35; 14:5; Hb 11:8; 1J 2:11; IPhld 7:1; Hm 12, 5, 4.—DELG s.v. πο-. M-M. -
12 an
1.ăn, conj. [etym. very obscure; v. the various views adduced in Hand, I. p. 296, with which he seems dissatisfied; if it is connected with the Sanscr. anjas, = Germ. ander, = Engl. other, we may comp. the Engl. other and or with the Germ. oder, = or]. It introduces the second part of a disjunctive interrogation, or a phrase implying doubt, and thus unites in itself the signif. of aut and num or -ne, or, or whether (hence the clause with an is entirely parallel with that introduced by num, utrum, -ne, etc., while aut forms only a subdivision in the single disjunctive clause; utrum... aut—an... aut, whether... or, etc.; cf. Ochsn. Eclog. p. 150; v. also aut).I.In disjunctive interrogations.A.Direct.a.Introd. by utrum (in Engl. the introd. particle whether is now obsolete, and the interrogation is denoted simply by the order of the words):b.Utrum hac me feriam an ab laevā latus?
Plaut. Cist. 3, 10:sed utrum tu amicis hodie an inimicis tuis Daturu's cenam?
id. Ps. 3, 2, 88; id. Pers. 3, 1, 13; id. Trin. 1, 2, 138; id. Cas. 2, 4, 11:Utrum sit annon voltis?
id. Am. prol. 56:quid facies? Utrum hoc tantum crimen praetermittes an obicies?
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 30 sq.:in plebem vero Romanam utrum superbiam prius commemorem an crudelitatem?
id. Verr. 1, 122; id. Deiot. 23; id. Fam. 7, 13:Utrum enim defenditis an impugnatis plebem?
Liv. 5, 3. —And with an twice:Utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis atque hospitii an amoris indicium esse voluisti?
Cic. Verr. 2, 115; id. Imp. Pomp. 57 sq.; id. Rab. 21.—With an three times:Utrum res ab initio ita ducta est, an ad extremum ita perducta, an ita parva est pecunia, an is (homo) Verres, ut haec quae dixi, gratis facta esse videantur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 61; 3, 83; id. Clu. 183; Liv. 21, 10; and seven times in Cic. Dom. 56-58.—With -ne pleon. (not to be confounded with cases where utrum precedes as pron.; as Cic. Tusc. 4, 4, 9):sed utrum tu masne an femina es, qui illum patrem voces?
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; id. Stich. 5, 4, 26:Utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore, si etc.,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 28:Utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67.—And affixed to utrum, but rarely:Utrumne jussi persequemur otium... an hunc laborem etc.,
Hor. Epod. 1, 7; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4; Quint. 12, 1, 40.—Introduced by -ne:c.quid fit? seditio tabetne an numeros augificat suos?
Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 23 Rib.:servos esne an liber?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 186:idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?
Cic. Lig. 18; 23:custosne urbis an direptor et vexator esset Antonius?
id. Phil. 3, 27; id. Mur. 88; id. Sull. 22.—So with an twice,
Cic. Cat. 1, 28; id. Att. 16, 8;and five times,
id. Balb. 9.—Introduced by nonne:d.Nonne ad servos videtis rem publicam venturam fuisse? An mihi ipsi fuit mors aequo animo oppetenda?
Cic. Sest. 47; id. Sex. Rosc. 43 sq.; id. Dom. 26; 127.—So with an twice, Cic. Phil. 11, 36.—Introduced by num:e.si quis invidiae metus, num est vehementius severitatis invidia quam inertiae pertimescenda?
Cic. Cat. 1, 29; id. Mur. 76; id. Sest. 80:Num quid duas habetis patrias an est illa patria communis?
id. Leg. 2, 2.—Without introductory particle:B.quid igitur? haec vera an falsa sunt?
Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 95:quid enim exspectas? bellum an tabulas novas?
id. Cat. 2, 18:ipse percussit an aliis occidendum dedit?
id. Sex. Rosc. 74; id. Verr. 2, 106; id. Imp. Pomp. 53; id. Phil. 2, 27:eloquar an sileam?
Verg. A. 3, 37:auditis an me ludit amabilis Insania?
Hor. C. 3, 4, 5.—So an twice, Cic. Mil. 54;three times,
Plin. Ep. 2, 8;and six times,
Cic. Rab. 14; id. Pis. 40.—Indirect.a.Introduced by utrum:► So once only in Vulg.quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim?
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16; id. Cist. 4, 2, 11; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74:quaero, si quis... utrum is clemens an inhumanissimus esse videatur,
Cic. Cat. 4, 12:agitur, utrum M. Antonio facultas detur an horum ei facere nihil liceat,
id. Phil. 5, 6; id. Sex. Rosc. 72; id. Imp. Pomp. 42; id. Verr. 1, 105.aut for an: Loquimini de me utrum bovem cujusquam tulerim aut asinum, 1 Reg. 12, 3.—And with -ne pleon.:b.res in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se contra luxuriem parsimonia defendere an deformata cupiditati addicatur,
Cic. Quinct. 92:numquamne intelleges statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi, qui istam rem gesserunt, homicidaene sint an vindices libertatis?
id. Phil. 2, 30.—Introduced by -ne:c.Fortunāne an forte repertus,
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 159 Rib. agitur autem liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus, Cic. Phil. 11, 24; id. Verr. 4, 73; id. Mil. 16:nunc vero non id agitur, bonisne an malis moribus vivamus etc.,
Sall. C. 52, 10.—So with an three times, Cic. Or. 61.—Introduced by an:d.haud scio an malim te videri... an amicos tuos plus habuisse,
Cic. Pis. 39.—Without introd. particle:C.... vivam an moriar, nulla in me est metus,
Enn. Trag. Rel. p. 72 Rib.:vivat an mortuus sit, quis aut scit aut curat?
Cic. Phil. 13, 33; 3, 18; id. Sex. Rosc. 88; id. Red. in Sen. 14.—Sometimes the opinion of the speaker or the probability inclines to the second interrogative clause (cf. infra, II. E.). and this is made emphatic, as a corrective of the former, or rather, or on the contrary:D.ea quae dixi ad corpusne refers? an est aliquid, quod te suā sponte delectet?
Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 107:Cur sic agere voluistis? An ignoratis quod etc.,
Vulg. Gen. 44, 15.—Hence, in the comic poets, an potius:cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse mavelit ut... An ita potius ut etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 31: id. Stich. 1, 2, 18; id. Trin. 2, 2, 25:an id flagitium est, An potius hoc patri aequomst fieri, ut a me ludatur dolis?
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 94.—The first part of the interrogation is freq. not expressed, but is to be supplied from the context; in this case, an begins the interrog., or, or rather, or indeed, or perhaps (but it does not begin an absolute, i. e. not disjunctive, interrog.): De. Credam ego istuc, si esse te hilarem videro. Ar. An tu esse me tristem putas? (where nonne me hilarem esse vides? is implied), Plaut. As. 5, 1, 10: Ch. Sed Thaïs multon ante venit? Py. An abiit jam a milite? Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 7:E.An ego Ulixem obliscar umquam?
Att. Trag. Rel. p. 199 Rib.:An parum vobis est quod peccatis?
Vulg. Josh. 22, 17:est igitur aliquid, quod perturbata mens melius possit facere quam constans? an quisquam potest sine perturbatione mentis irasci?
Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; cf. id. Clu. 22; id. Off. 3, 29: Debes hoc etiam rescribere, sit tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius; an male sarta Gratia nequiquam coit...? or is perhaps, etc., Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31 K. and H. —So esp. in Cic., in order to make the truth of an assertion more certain, by an argumentum a minore ad majus:cur (philosophus) pecuniam magno opere desideret vel potius curet omnino? an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi non potuerunt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 89 sq.:An vero P. Scipio T. Gracchum privatus interfecit, Catilinam vero nos consules perferemus?
id. Cat. 1, 1; so id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 14, 5, 12 Muret.; id. Fin. 1, 2, 5, ubi v. Madv.—It sometimes introduces a question suggested by the words of another: He. Mane. Non dum audisti, Demea, Quod est gravissimum? De. An quid est etiam anplius? Is there then etc., Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 21:sed ad haec, nisi molestum est, habeo quae velim. An me, inquam, nisi te audire vellem censes haec dicturum fuisse?
Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28; 2, 22, 74; id. Tusc. 5, 26, 73; 5, 12, 35; id. Brut. 184; id. Fat. 2, 4; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 28.—It sometimes anticipates an answer to something going before: At vero si ad vitem sensus accesserit, ut appetitum quendam habeat et per se ipsa moveatur, quid facturam putas? An ea, quae per vinitorem antea consequebatur, per se ipsa curabit? shall we not say that, must we not think that etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 38, ubi v. Madv.—An non. and in one word, annon (in direct questions more freq. than necne):F.isne est quem quaero an non?
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 12:Hocine agis an non?
id. And. 1, 2, 15:Tibi ego dico an non?
id. ib. 4, 4, 23:utrum sit an non voltis?
Plaut. Am. prol. 56:utrum cetera nomina in codicem accepti et expensi digesta habes annon?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 3 al. —Also in indirect questions = necne, q. v.:abi, vise redieritne jam an non dum domum,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 4, 5:videbo utrum clamorem opere conpleverint, an non est ita,
Vulg. Gen. 18, 21; 24, 21.—An ne, usually written anne, pleon. for an.a.In direct questions:b.anne tu dicis quā ex causā vindicaveris?
Cic. Mur. 26. —In indirect questions:II.nec. aequom anne iniquom imperet, cogitabit,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19; id. Ps. 1, 1, 122:percontarier, Utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul,
id. Bacch. 4, 1, 4:Nam quid ego de consulato loquar, parto vis, anue gesto?
Cic. Pis. 1, 3:cum interrogetur, tria pauca sint anne multa,
id. Ac. 2, 29:Gabinio dicam anne Pompeio, an utrique,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 57; so id. Or. 61, 206:Quid enim interest, divitias, opes, valetudinem bona dicas anne praeposita, cum etc.,
id. Fin. 4, 9, 23 Madv.; August. ap. Suet. Aug. 69 al. (for the omission of the second disjunctive clause or the particle necne representing it, v. utrum;instances of this usage in eccl. Lat. are,
Vulg. Lev. 13, 36; 14, 36; ib. Num. 11, 23 al.).—In disjunctive clauses that express doubt, or.A.Utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, scientem an imprudentem, incertus sum. Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54:B.ut nescias, utrum res oratione an verba sententiis illustrentur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56:honestumne factu sit an turpe, dubitant,
id. Off. 1, 3, 9:nescio, gratulerne tibi an timeam,
id. Fam. 2, 5; Caes. B. G. 7, 5:pecuniae an famae minus parceret, haud facile discerneres,
Sall. C. 25, 3; so id. ib. 52, 10; Suet. Aug. 19; id. Tib. 10; id. Claud. 15:cognoscet de doctrinā, utrum ex Deo sit an ego a me ipso loquar,
Vulg. Joan. 7, 17; ib. Eccl. 2, 19 al.—An sometimes denotes uncertainty by itself, without a verb of doubting (dubito, dubium or incertum est, etc., vet in such cases the editors are divided between an and aut; cf. Mos. and Orell. ad Cic. Rep. 1, 12): verene hoc memoriae proditum est [p. 115] regem istum Numam Pythagorae ipsius discipulum, an certe Pythagoreum fuisse? Cic. Rep. 2, 15, where B. and K. read aut certe: Cn. Octavius est an Cn. Cornelius quidam tuus familiaris, summo genere natus, terrae filius;C.is etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 9 B. and K.:Themistocles quidem, cum ei Simonides an quis alius artem memoriae polliceretur, Oblivionis, inquit, mallem,
Simonides or some other person, id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. Fam. 7, 9, 3; id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 2, 7, 3; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—It often stands for sive (so esp. in and after the Aug. per.):D.quod sit an non, nihil commovet analogiam,
whether this be so or not, Varr. L. L. 9, § 105 Müll.; Att. ap. Prisc. p. 677 P.; Ov. R. Am. 797:saucius an sanus, numquid tua signa reliqui,
id. F. 4, 7:Illa mihi referet, si nostri mutua curast, An minor, an toto pectore deciderim,
Tib. 3, 1, 20; Tac. A. 11, 26:sive nullam opem praevidebat inermis atque exul, seu taedio ambiguae spei an amore conjugis et liberorum,
id. ib. 14, 59.—The first disjunctive clause is freq. to be supplied from the gen. idea or an may stand for utrum—necne (cf. supra, I. D.):E.qui scis, an, quae jubeam, sine vi faciat? (vine coactus is to be supplied),
how knowest thou whether or not he will do it without compulsion? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 20:An dolo malo factum sit, ambigitur,
Cic. Tull. 23:quaesivi an misisset (periplasmata),
id. Verr. 4, 27:Vide an facile fieri tu potueris, cum etc.,
id. Fragm. B. 13, 2, 1:praebete aurem et videte an mentiar,
Vulg. Job, 6, 28: de L. Bruto fortasse dubitaverim an propter infinitum odium tyranni effrenatius in Aruntem invaserit, I might doubt whether or not, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 22, 50; id. Verr. 3, 76:Quis scit an adiciant hodiernae crastina summae Tempora di superi?
Hor. C. 4, 7, 17; Plin. Ep. 6, 21, 3; Quint. 2, 17, 38:Sine videamus an veniat Elias,
Vulg. Matt. 27, 49:tria sine dubio rursus spectanda sunt, an sit, quid sit, quale sit,
Quint. 5, 10, 53:dubium an quaesitā morte,
Tac. A. 1, 5; 6, 50; 4, 74:Multitudo an vindicatura Bessum fuerit, incertum est,
Curt. 7, 5:diu Lacedaemonii, an eum summae rei praeponerent, deliberaverunt,
Just. 6, 2, 4 et saep.—Since in such distrib. sentences expressive of doubt, the opinion of the speaker or the probability usually inclines to the second, i. e. to the clause beginning with an, the expressions haud scio an, nescio an, dubito an (the latter through all pers. and tenses), incline to an affirmative signification, I almost know, I am inclined to think, I almost think, I might say, I might assert that, etc., for perhaps, probably (hence the opinion is incorrect that an, in this situation, stands for an non; for by an non a negation of the objective clause is expressed, e. g. nescio an non beatus sit, I am almost of the opinion that he is not happy, v. infra, and cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 1, Exc. XI. p. 335 sq.; Cic. uses haud scio an eleven times in his Orations;F.nescio an, four times): atque haud scio an, quae dixit sint vera omnia,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 45:crudele gladiatorum spectaculum et inhumanum non nullis videri solet: et haud scio an ita sit, ut nunc fit,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41; id. Fl. 26:testem non mediocrem, sed haud scio an gravissimum,
perhaps, id. Off. 3, 29:constantiam dico? nescio an melius patientiam possim dicere,
id. Lig. 9; id. Fam. 9, 19:ingens eo die res, ac nescio an maxima illo bello gesta sit,
Liv. 23, 16; Quint. 12, 11, 7 al.:si per se virtus sine fortunā ponderanda sit, dubito an Thrasybulum primum omuium ponam,
I am not certain whether I should not prefer Thrasybulus to all others, Nep. Thras. 1 Dähne:dicitur acinace stricto Darius dubitāsse an fugae dedecus honestā morte vitaret,
i. e. was almost resolved upon, Curt. 4, 5, 30:ego dubito an id improprium potius appellem,
Quint. 1, 5, 46; Gell. 1, 3 al.—Hence, a neg. objective clause must contain in this connection the words non, nemo, nullus, nihil, numquam, nusquam, etc.:dubitet an turpe non sit,
he is inclined to believe that it is not bad, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:haud scio an ne opus quidem sit, nihil umquam deesse amicis,
id. Am. 14, 51:eloquentiā quidem nescio an habuisset parem neminem,
id. Brut. 33: quod cum omnibus est faciendum tum haud scio an nemini potius quam tibi, to no one perhaps more, id. Off. 3, 2, 6:meā sententiā haud scio an nulla beatior esse possit,
id. Sen. 16; id. Leg. 1, 21:non saepe atque haud scio an numquam,
id. Or. 2, 7 al. —Sometimes the distributive clause beginning with an designates directly the opposite, the more improbable, the negative; in which case nescio an, haud scio an, etc., like the Engl. I know not whether, signify I think that not, I believe that not, etc.; hence, in the object. clause, aliquis, quisquam, ullus, etc., must stand instead of nemo, nullus, etc. (so for the most part only after Cic.): an profecturus sim, nescio, I know not (i. e. I doubt, I am not confident) whether I shall effect any thing, Sen. Ep. 25:2.opus nescio an superabile, magnum certe tractemus,
id. Q. N. 3, praef. 4; Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: haud scio an vivere nobis liceret, I know not whether we, etc., Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22: doleo enim maximam feminam eripi oculis civitatis, nescio an aliquid simile visuris, for I know not whether they will ever see any thing of this kind, Plin. Ep. 7, 19; Val. Max. 5, 2, 9:nescio an ullum tempus jucundius exegerim,
I do not know whether I have ever passed time more pleasantly, id. 3, 1:namque huic uni contigit, quod nescio an ulli,
Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Sen. Contr. 3 praef.; Quint. 9, 4, 1:nostri quoque soloecum, soloecismum nescio an umquam dixerint,
Gell. 5, 20 al. Cf. upon this word Hand, Turs. I. pp. 296-361, and Beier, Exc. ad Cic. Am. pp. 202-238.an-, v. ambi.3.- ăn. This word appears in forsan, forsitan, and fortasse an (Att. Trag. Rel. p. 151 Rib.) or fortassan, seeming to enhance the idea of uncertainty and doubt belonging to fors, etc., and is regarded by some as the Greek conditional particle an, and indeed one of these compounds, forsitan, sometimes in the Vulgate, translates an; as, Joan. 4, 10; 5, 46; 8, 19; and in 3, Joan. 9, it still represents the various reading, an. -
13 what
what [wɒt]━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjective2. pronoun3. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. adjective• what time is it? quelle heure est-il ?• what flavours do you want? quels parfums voulez-vous ?• what subjects did you choose? quelles matières as-tu choisies ?b. ( = all the) I gave him what money I had je lui ai donné tout l'argent que j'avais• I will give you what information we have je vais vous donner toutes les informations dont nous disposonsc. (exclamations) what a nice surprise! quelle bonne surprise !• what a ridiculous suggestion! quelle suggestion ridicule !• what a nightmare! quel cauchemar !• what a nuisance! quelle barbe ! (inf)• what a lot of people! que de monde !• what lovely hair you've got! quels jolis cheveux tu as !2. pronouna. (used alone, or in emphatic position) quoi• what? I didn't get that quoi ? je n'ai pas compris• I've forgotten something -- what? j'ai oublié quelque chose -- quoi ?• he's getting married -- what! il se marie -- quoi !• what! you expect me to believe that! quoi ! et tu penses que je vais croire ça !━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► quoi is used with a preposition, if the French verb requires one.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• I've just thought of something -- what? je viens de penser à quelque chose -- à quoi ?• I've just remembered something -- what? je viens de me souvenir de quelque chose -- de quoi ?• what's happened? qu'est-ce qui s'est passé ?• what's bothering you? qu'est-ce qui te préoccupe ?• what's for dinner? qu'est-ce qu'il y a pour dîner ?• what is his address? quelle est son adresse ?• what's the French for "pen"? comment dit-on « pen » en français ?• what is this called? comment ça s'appelle ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When asking for a definition or explanation, c'est quoi is often used in spoken French.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• what are capers? c'est quoi, les câpres ?• what's that noise? c'est quoi, ce bruit ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The object pronoun que is more formal than qu'est-ce que and requires inversion of verb and pronoun.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• what did you do? qu'avez-vous fait ?• what can we do? qu'est-ce qu'on peut faire ? que peut-on faire ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► The French preposition cannot be separated from the pronoun.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━• what does he owe his success to? à quoi doit-il son succès ?• what were you talking about? de quoi parliez-vous ?• what's the best time to call? quel est le meilleur moment pour vous joindre ?• what are the advantages? quels sont les avantages ?e. ( = how much) combien• what will it cost? ça va coûter combien ?• what does it weigh? ça pèse combien ?• what do 2 and 2 make? combien font 2 et 2 ?• what does it matter? qu'est-ce que ça peut bien faire ?━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━g. (in relative clauses) ( = that which) (subject of verb) ce qui ; (object of verb) ce que ; (object of verb taking "de") ce dont ; (object of verb taking "à") ce à quoi• what I don't understand is... ce que je ne comprends pas c'est...• what I need is... ce dont j'ai besoin c'est...━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When what means the ones which, the French pronoun is generally plural.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► and what...are you coming or what? tu viens ou quoi ? (inf)tell you what, let's stay here another day j'ai une idée: si on restait un jour de plus ?► what about• what about people who haven't got cars? et les gens qui n'ont pas de voiture ?• what about going to the cinema? si on allait au cinéma ?► what for? pourquoi ?• what did you do that for? pourquoi avez-vous fait ça ?• what if this doesn't work out? et si ça ne marchait pas ?• what if he says no? et s'il refuse ?► what of• but what of the country's political leaders? et les dirigeants politiques du pays ?• I've done this job long enough to know what's what je fais ce travail depuis assez longtemps pour savoir de quoi il retourne► what with• what with the stress and lack of sleep, I was in a terrible state entre le stress et le manque de sommeil, j'étais dans un état lamentable3. compounds* * *[wɒt], US [hwɒt] 1.1) ( what exactly) ( as subject) qu'est-ce qui; ( as object) que, qu'est-ce que; ( with prepositions) quoiwhat for? — ( why) pourquoi?; ( concerning what) à propos de quoi?
what's this called in Flemish? —
2) ( in rhetorical questions)what's the use? — ( enquiringly) à quoi bon?; ( exasperatedly) à quoi ça sert?
3) ( whatever)4) ( in clauses) ( as subject) ce qui; ( as object) ce que, (before vowel) ce qu'this is what is called a ‘monocle’ — c'est ce qu'on appelle un ‘monocle’
and what's worse ou better — et en plus
5) (colloq) ( when guessing)it'll cost, what, £50 — ça coutera, quoi, dans les 50 livres?
6) ( inviting repetition)2.what's that? —
1) ( which) quel/quelle/quels/quelles2) ( in exclamations) quel/quellewhat use is that? — lit, fig à quoi ça sert?
3) ( the amount of)what money he earns he spends — tout ce qu'il gagne, il le dépense
3.what little she has — le peu qu'elle a, tout ce qu'elle a
what about prepositional phrase1) ( when drawing attention)what about the letter they sent? — et la lettre qu'ils ont envoyée, alors?
2) ( when making suggestion)3) ( in reply)4.‘what about your sister?’ - ‘what about her?’ — ‘et ta sœur?’ - ‘quoi ma sœur?’
what if prepositional phrase et si5.what with prepositional phrase6.exclamation quoi!, comment!••to give somebody what for — (colloq) GB passer un savon (colloq) à quelqu'un
well, what do you know — iron tout arrive
what do you think I am! — (colloq) tu me prends pour quoi!
what's it to you? — (colloq) en quoi ça vous regarde?
-
14 τίς
B Interrog. Pron. τίς, Elean and [dialect] Lacon. τίρ (q.v.), τί:—gen. [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.τέο Il.2.225
, Herod.8.1, etc., orτεῦ Od.15.509
, Hdt.5.106, etc.; Trag. and [dialect] Att. , Ar.Nu. 1223, etc.; [dialect] Ion., Trag., and [dialect] Att.τίνος Simon.154
, Hdt.6.80, A.Pr. 563 (anap.), S.Aj. 892, Ar Ach. 588, etc.; dat. [dialect] Ion.τέῳ Hdt.1.11
, al. (as fem., 4.155); no dat. in Hom. or Hes.; Trag. and [dialect] Att.τῷ S.Ant. 401
, D.19.60, etc.; [dialect] Aeol.τίῳ Sapph.104
; τίνι first in Pi.N.7.57, A.Pers. 715 (troch.), S.OT10, Ar. Ach. 919, Hdt.3.38, Th.1.80, D.20.115, etc.; acc.τίνα Il.5.703
, etc.; neut.τί 1.362
, etc.: dual τίνε (elided) Ar.Av. 107: pl.. nom.τίνες Od. 1.172
, etc.; neut. , Aeschin.2.81, Hipparch.1.1.4, Gem.17.12, Ep.Hebr.5.12; gen. [dialect] Ep.τέων Il.24.387
, Od.20.192, and as monosyll. 6.119, 13.200; Trag. and [dialect] Att. , OC 2, Ar.Nu. 1089, etc.; dat. τίσι first in S.OT 1126, Ar.Ra. 1455, Pl.R. 332d, etc. (no dat. in Hom. or Hes.); also (anap.); [dialect] Ion.τέοισι Hdt.1.37
, cf. 2.82 (v.l. ὁτέοισι); [dialect] Aeol.τίοισι Sapph.168
; acc. , Ar.Av. 370 (troch.); neut.τίνα Arr.Epict.1.30.3
; [dialect] Boeot. τά Pi.O.1.82 (Adv.); Megar.σά Ar.Ach. 757
, 784 (Adv.): of the pl. Hom. uses only nom. τίνες with gen. τέων; ποῖος (what? which?) is sts. preferred (esp. in neut. pl.) to the Adj. τίς, e.g. τὰ ποῖα ταῦτα χρήματα; Ar.Nu. 1270, cf. 1337, Th. 621, Pl.Cra. 391e, 395d, 406d; v. ποῖος 1.3 and IV:I in direct questions, who? which? neut. what? which? ὦ ξεῖνοι, τίνες ἐστέ; Od.9.252; τί νύ μοι μήκιστα γένηται; 5.299; τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε; 17.446; τίς ἀχώ, τίς ὀδμὰ προσέπτα μ' ἀφεγγής; A.Pr. 115 (lyr.), cf. 561 (anap.), etc.; properly at the beginning of the sentence; but this position may be varied,a for grammatical reasons, as between the Art. and part. or noun, τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσιν; X.Mem.2.2.1, cf. Pl.Smp. 206b; τῆς περὶ τί πειθοῦς ἡ ῥητορική ἐστιν τέχνη; Id.Grg. 454a; ὁ σοφιστὴς τῶν τί σοφῶν ἐστιν; Id.Prt. 312d.b for emphasis, ἃ δ' ἐννέπεις, κλύουσα τοῦ λέγεις; S.OC 412, cf. El. 1191; πόλις τε ἀφισταμένη τίς πω.. τούτῳ ἐπεχείρησε; Th.3.45; esp. when the Verb begins the sentence, δράσεις δὲ δὴ τί; E.HF 1246; ἦλθες δὲ κατὰ τί; Ar.Nu. 239; διαφέρει δὲ τί; D.18.205.--The person freq. follows in gen. pl., as τίς θεῶν; Il.18.182, etc.; and of things or conditions, τί is freq. with the genit. sg., of all genders, πρὸς τί χρείας; S.OT 1174; ἐλπίδων ἐς τί; Id.OC 1749 codd. (lyr.); , etc.2 sts. as the predicate, τίς ὀνομάζεται; what is he named? E.Ph. 123; so also may be expld. the union of τίς with a demonstr. or possess. Pron., or with a Noun preceded by the Art., τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; S.Ph. 1173 (lyr.); τί ἐστι τουτί; τίς ὁ τρόπος τοῦ τάγματος; Id.Ichn.114; also with Pron. in pl., τί ταῦτα; E.Ph. 382, Andr. 548, etc.; τί γὰρ τάδ' ἐστίν; Ar.Nu. 200; τί ποτ' ἐστίν, ἂ διανοούμεθα; Pl.Tht. 154e; τί ποτ' ἐστὶ ταῦτα; ib. 155c;σκεπτέον τί τὰ συμβαίνοντα Id.Grg. 508b
; so τί is used as predicate of a masc. or fem. subject, τί νιν προσείπω; A.Ch. 983(997); τί σοι φαίνεται ὁ νεανίσκος; Pl.Chrm. 154d:—also τίς δ' ὅδε Ναυσικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this that follows N.? Od.6.276; τίς δ' οὗτος ἔρχεαι; Il.10.82, cf. Alc.84.1, S.El. 328, 388, Ant.7, 218, E.Hec. 501, Pl.Cri. 43c; and in the reverse order, τήνδε τίνα λεύσσω.. ; who is this I see? E.IA 821; τίνι οὖν τοιούτῳ φίλους ἂν θηρῴην; with what means of such kind.. ? X.Mem.3.11.9; τί τοσοῦτον νομίζοντες ἠδικῆσθαι; Id.Smp.4.53; τί με τὸ δεινὸν ἐργάσῃ; what is the dreadful thing which.. ? E.Ba. 492, cf. S.OC 598, 1488, etc.; τίν' ὄψιν σὴν προσδέρκομαι; what face is this I see of thine? E.Hel. 557; παρὰ τίνας τοὺς ὑμᾶς; who are 'you' to whom [I am to come]? Pl.Ly. 203b:—the Art. is exceptionally added to τίς, when it leads up to a word which requires the Art., ληφθήσει.. Πανήμου εἰκάδι· καὶ Λῴου τῇ--τίνι; τῇ δεκάτῃ on the twentieth of the month Panemus and of Loüs on the -- what day? the tenth, Call.Epigr.46:—in Com.also τὸ τί; what is that? Ar.Nu. 775, Pax 696, Av. 1039, Pl. 902, etc.; τοῦ τίνος χάριν; UPZ6.29 (ii B.C.); and with pl. Art., τὰ τί; Ar. Pax 693.3 with prop. names treated as appellatives (v. τις indef. 11.6b), τίς ἆρα Κύπρις ἢ τίς Ἵμερος; S.Fr. 874; τίς σε Θηρικλῆς ποτε ἔτευξε; Eub.43; τίς.. Χίμαιρα πύρπνοος; Anaxil.22.3.5 a question with τίς often amounts to a strong negation, τῶν δ' ἄλλων τίς κεν οὐνόματ' εἴποι; Il.17.260; τίς ἂν ἐξεύροι ποτ' ἄμεινον; Ar.Pl. 498; τίνες ἂν δικαιότερον.. μισοῖντο; Th.3.64, etc.6 sts. two questions are asked in one clause by different cases of τίς; ἡ τίσιν τί ἀποδιδοῦσα τέχνη δικαιοσύνη ἂν καλοῖτο; Pl.R. 332d;τί λαβόντα τί δεῖ ποιεῖν D.4.36
:—a like doubling of the question lies in the union of τίς with other interrog. words, τίς πόθεν εἰς ( εἶς codd.) ἀνδρῶν; Od.1.170, cf. S.Tr. 421.7 τίς with Particles:— τίς γάρ; why who? who possibly? τίς γάρ σε θεῶν.. ἧκεν; Il.18.182; v. infr. 8 f.b τίς δέ; ὦ κοῦραι, τίς δ' ὔμμιν.. πωλεῖται; h.Ap. 169.d τίς ποτε; who in the world? who ever? τίς ποτ' ὢν γενεὰν καὶ ποίαν τινὰ φύσιν ἔχων; X.Cyr.1.1.6, cf. S.El. 975; τίς δήποτε; Id.Fr. 106 (but τίς ἄν ποτε is prob. cj.).8 the usages of the neut. τί; are very various:a τί; alone, as a simple question, what? τί γάρ; A.Th. 336 (lyr.):—on ὅτι τί; ὅτι τί δή; ὅτι δὴ τί; v. ὅτι B. 1b; on ὡς τί; v. ὡς F.1.b τί τοῦτο; τί ταῦτα; v. supr. 2.c τί μοι; τί σοι; what is it to me? to thee? S.Ph.753, etc.; c. gen., τί μοι ἔριδος καὶ ἀρωγῆς; what have I to do with.. ? Il.21.360; τί δέ σοι ταῦτα; Ar.Lys.514, cf. Ec.521 (where the answerer repeats the question in indirect form, ὅ τί μοι τοῦτ' ἔστιν;) ; ἀλλὰ δὴ τί τοῦτ' ἐμοί; Diph.32.18; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; what have I to do with thee? LXX Jd.11.12, Arr.Epict.2.19.19, Ev.Jo.2.4; τί σοὶ καὶ εἰρήνῃ; LXX 4 Ki.9.18, cf. Ho.14.9; τί πρὸσσέ; M.Ant.8.44, cf.Ev.Matt.27.4; σοὶ δὲ καὶ τούτοισι τοῖσι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; what have you to do with these matters? Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36:—folld. by a clause, τί δὲ τίν, εἰ κωτίλαι εἰμές; Theoc.15.89; or with inf., τί γάρ μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν; 1 Ep.Cor.5.12:—v. εἰμί c.111.2.e τί; also often stands abs. as Adv. how? why? wherefore? Il.1.362, etc.; so too in [dialect] Att., Pl.Cri. 43c, etc.; δόμων γὰρ ζῶσι τῶνδε δεσπόται. Answ. τί ζῶσιν; how do you mean forsooth!E.
Alc. 806; Κιθαιρὼν--Answ. τί Κιθαιρών; what aboutK.? Id.Ba. 1177 codd., cf. 1182 (both lyr.); cf. τίη.f τί with Particles: - τί γάρ; why not? how else? and so it came to mean of course, no doubt, A.Ag. 1239, Ch. 880, Eu. 678, etc.; used in affirmative answers, Pl.Phdr. 258d, Tht. 209b, al.; to introduce an argument, Arist.Pol. 1281a14; v. γάρ 1.4:— τί δαί; v. δαί:— τί δέ; serving to pass on quickly to a fresh point, Pl.Hp.Ma. 288c, al.; τί δέ, εἰ.. ; but what, if.. ? E.Hel. 1043; τί δ' ἄν, εἰ.. ; Ar.Th. 773; τί δ' ἢν.. ; Id.Nu. 1444; τί δέ, εἰ μὴ.. ; what else but.. ? X.Oec.9.1, cf. S.OT 941, Ph. 421; so τί δὲ δή; τί δή; τί δή ποτε; why ever? why in the world? what do you mean? Pl.R. 470e, Grg. 469a, Sph. 241d, S.El. 1184:—so also τί δῆτα; how, pray? τί δῆτ' ἄν, εἰ.. ; Ar.Nu. 154:— ( τί μή; f.l. in S.Aj. 668):— τί μήν; i.e. yes certainly, much like τί γάρ; Pl.Tht. 162e, etc., prob. in S.Aj. 668:— τί μὴν οὔ; in reply to a question, Id.El. 1280 (lyr.):— τί νυ; why now? Il.1.414, etc.:— τί δ' οὔ; parenthetic, why not? as an affirmative answer, S.Ant. 460; τί οὐ καλοῦμεν; i.e. let us call, Ar.Lys. 1103; τί οὐ βαδίζομεν; etc., Pl.Prt. 310e, etc.:— τί οὖν; how so? making an objection, A.Th. 208; but τί οὖν ἔτ' ἂν σαίνοιμεν.. μόρον; ib. 704; τί οὖν οὐκ ἐρωτᾷς; Pl.Ly. 211d:— τί ποτε; v. τίπτε;g with Conjunctions following:—τί ὅτι.. ; why is it that.. ? Stratt.62 (f.l.), LXX Ge. 3.1, Ev.Luc.2.49, etc.:—with Conjunctions preceding, ἵνα τί; v. ἵνα B. 11.3 c.h with Preps.:— διὰ τί; wherefore? Ar.Pl. 1111, etc.:— ἐκ τίνος; from what cause? X.An.5.8.4:— ἐς τί; to what point? how long? Il.5.465; but also, to what end? S.Tr. 403, cf. OC 524 (lyr.):— κατὰ τί; for what purpose? Ar.Nu. 239:— πρὸς τί; wherefore? S.OT 766, 1027, etc.II τίς is sts. used for ὅστις in indirect questions,εἰρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι Od.15.423
, cf. 17.368; ; οὐδ' ἔχω τίς ἂν γενοίμαν ib. 905 (lyr.);οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ Id.Ch.91
, cf. S.OC48, etc.;ἐπισκεψώμεθα τίνες πέπανται σφενδόνας X.An.3.3.18
; εἰπὲ τίνα γνώμην ἔχεις ib.2.2.10; freq. in later Gr., where ὅστις is very rare,εἰς τὸ λογιστήριον γράφων.. τί ὀφείλεται PHib.1.29.42
(iii B.C.), cf. PCair.Zen. 21.40, al. (iii B.C.); οὐθεὶς ἐσήμηνεν παρὰ τί ἂν τοῖς προστεταγμένοις.. οὐ κατηκολούθησαν nobody indicated why they should not have obeyed orders, PTeb.72.160, cf. 61 (b). 227 (ii B.C.); ὅστις and τίς are sts. combined, , cf. A.Pr. 489 sq., 617, 623:—later with inf., τί πράττειν οὐκ ἔχω I do not know what to do, Aesop.67, cf. Ps.-Luc.Philopatr.29.b sts. not in indirect questions, whoever, whatever,αἰτοῦ τί χρῄζεις ἕν E.Fr.773.2
; ταῦτα οὐκ ἀπέστελλον πάντα, ἀλλ' ἐκλεγόμενοι τίνων αἱ τιμαὶ ἐπετέταντο whatever things had risen in price, D.56.24; τίνα δ' ἁ Κύπρις οὐκ ἐφίλησεν whomsoever K. has not loved, AP5.169 (Noss.); τίνι ἡ τύχη δίδωσι, λαβέτω Antiochusap.Ptol.Euerg.3 J.;λαμβανέτω τί θέλει AP12.219
(Strat.);τὰν ὀνάλαν κίς κε γινύειτει IG 9(2).517.22
(Larissa, iii B.C.); καὶ τί ἂν εἶ ( = ᾖ) λοιπόν ib.5(1).1390.50 (Andania, i B.C., nisi leg. καἴ τι ἂν, v. supr.A. 111.2e);τίς ἂν δὲ χεῖρα προσαγάγῃ Epigr.Gr.376a
([place name] Aezani);τίς σοφός, αὐτῷ προσκολλήθητι LXXSi.6.34
;οὐ τί ἐγὼ θίλω, ἀλλὰ τί σύ Ev.Marc.14.36
; τίς σοφίῃ πάντων πρῶτος, τούτου τρίποδ' αὐδῶ Orac. ap. D.S.9.3 et ap.D.L. 1.28 codd. (ὃς Cobet from Sch.Ar.Pl.9);χαῖρε καὶ σύ, τίς ποτ' εἶ IG9
(2).953 ([place name] Larissa), cf. CIG 1982 ([place name] Thessalonica); in other places, as S.El. 1176, Tr. 339, OT 1144, E. Ion 324, this constr. cannot be admitted.c τίς = ὅστις after a neg., μή τίς ἐστιν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀνὴρ ἢ γυνὴ.., τίνος ἡ διάνοια ἐξέκλινεν κτλ.; LXX De.29.18.d = ὅς orὅσπερ, τέων.. Ζεὺς ἐπὶ σαλπίγγων ἱρὰ βοῇ δέχεται Κᾶρες ὁμοῦ Λελέγεσσι Call.Aet.3.1.60
, cf. Del. 185, Epigr.30.2, Nic.Al.2;Δωροθέαν, τίς τὸν ἐμὸν ἄνδρα εἶχε Tab.Defix.Aud.10.4
(Cnidus, ii/i B.C.), cf. 5.2,8; , cf. 56 (Senatus consultum, Delph., ii B.C.);τίνα με ὑπονοεῖτε εἶναι, οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγώ Act.Ap. 13.25
; τίς ἔζησεν ἔτη β who lived.., IG14.1560 ([place name] Rome), cf. 1391 (ibid.);εὗρον γεωργόν, τίς αὐτὰ ἑλκύσῃ BGU822.5
(ii/iii A.D.).2 τίς; τί; in direct or indirect questions may be construed with a part., σὺ δὲ τίς ὢν ταῦτα λέγεις; being who, i.e. who are you that.. ? Pl.Grg. 452a;ἐπειρέσθαι.. τίνες ἐόντες ἄνθρωποι.. ταῦτα προαγορεύουσι Hdt.1.153
; καταμεμάθηκας.. τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἀποκαλοῦσι; X.Mem.2.2.1; or in a subordinate clause, ἀλλ' ὅταν τί ποιήσωσι, νομιεῖς αὐτοὺς σοῦ φροντίζειν; ib.1.4.14; νῦν δ' ἐπειδὴ τίνος τέχνης ἐπιστήμων ἐστί, τίνα ἂν καλοῦντες αὐτὸν ὀρθῶς καλοῖμεν; Pl. Grg. 448c.IV τί as exclamatory Adv., how.. ! , cf. 4.10; τί θέλω how I wish! Ev.Luc.12.49; τί στενή v.l. in Ev.Matt.7.14.C Prosody: τις and τίς keep [pron. full] ῐ in all cases (digamma operates in Il.6.462, etc.).II τί was never elided; but hiatus is allowed after τί in [dialect] Ep. τί ἢ (v. τίη), also in Com., as τί οὐ; Ar.Av. 149; τί οὖν; Id.Pl.94; τί ἔστι; Id.Nu.82, Av. 1036; τί, ὦ πάτερ; Id.Nu. 80:—a licence which is rarer in Trag., τί ἔστιν; S.Ph. 733; τί οὖν; A.Th. 208, 704, Eu. 902, S.Aj. 873 (lyr.), Ph. 100, etc.; τί εἶπας; Id.Tr. 1203, Ph. 917. -
15 utrum
ū̆trum, adv. [uter].I.Introducing an alternative question (direct or indirect), with an beginning the second clause (v. an); in Engl. represented in direct questions simply by the tone of voice, and in indirect questions by whether.A.In a direct interrogation.1.With ne,(α).Attached to the emphatic word of the first clause:(β).utrum tu masne an femina es?
Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16: Ba. Simulato me amare. Pi. Utrum ego istoc jocon' assimulem, an serio, id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42:utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore?
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 28:utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?
Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:utrum censes illum tuamne de se orationem libentius auditurum fuisse an meam?
id. ib. 2, 19, 60.—With ne attached to utrum, utrumne... an ( poet. and post-Aug.): utrumne jussi persequemur otium... An hunc laborem, etc. Hor. Epod. 1, 7:(γ).utrumne salvum eum nolet orator, an? etc.,
Quint. 12, 1, 40:utrumne igitur ego sum, Domiti, exemplo gravis an tu, qui, etc.,
Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—With ne repeated in place of an (very rare): sed utrum terraene motus, sonitusne inferum Pervasit auris? Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 680 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 479 Rib.).—2.Without ne, utrum... an (class.):B.utrum pro ancillā me habes, an pro filiā?
Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 13:utrum hac me feriam, an ab laevā, latus?
id. Cist. 3, 13:sed utrum nunc tu coelibem ted esse mavis liberum, an maritum servom, etc.,
id. Cas. 2, 4, 11:utrum pro dimidiā parte, an pro totā societate? Utrum pro me an pro me et pro te?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 32:utrum ea vestra an nostra culpa est?
id. Ac. 2, 29, 95; id. Tusc. 1, 25, 61.—In an indirect interrogation.1.With ne attached,(α).To the emphatic word of the first clause: sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem Nescio, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 18:(β).videndum'st primum utrum eae velintne an non velint,
id. Most. 3, 1, 151:cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse ma. velit... an ita potius,
id. Trin. 2, 2, 26; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1: de istac rogas Virgine? Py. Ita, utrum praedicemne an taceam? Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 53:ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se parsimonia defendere, an, etc.,
Cic. Quint. 30, 92:videamus, utrum ea fortuitane sint an eo statu, quo, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 34, 87; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:est... illa distinctio, utrum... an... et utrum illudne... an, etc.,
id. Tusc. 4, 27, 59.—With ne attached to utrum; utrumne... an ( poet. and post-Aug.):(γ).nec quidquam differre utrumne in pulvere... ludas opus, an meretricis amore Sollicitus plores,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 251:utrumne Divitiis homines an sint virtute beati,
id. ib. 2, 6, 73:in eo plures dissenserunt, utrumne hae partes essent rhetorices, an ejusdem opera, an elementa,
Quint. 3, 3, 13:Dareus dubitaverat utrumne circa Mesopotamiam subsisteret, an interiora regna sui peteret,
Curt. 4, 9, 1; Col. 11, 1, 50; Suet. Caes. 80; Tac. Or. 37.—With ne attached to an; utrum... anne:2.me jussit percontarier utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 4:est quaerendumque utrum una species sit earum anne plures,
Cic. Or. 61, 206:id autem utrum illi sentiant anne simulent, tu intelleges,
id. Att. 12, 51, 2; cf. uter, I. B. 4, fin. —Without ne:3.quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16:facite indicium, utrum hac an illac iter institerit,
id. Cist. 4, 2, 11:utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, incertus sum,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54:id utrum Romano more locutus sit, an, quomodo Stoici dicunt, postea videro,
Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 3:permultum interest, utrum perturbatione aliquā animi, an consulto fiat injuria,
id. Off. 1, 8, 27:quid interest utrum hoc feceris, an, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 75, § 174; id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:multum interest, utrum laus imminuatur, an salus deseratur,
id. Fam. 1, 7, 8: quomodo transierit, utrum rate an piscatorio navigio, nemo sciebat, Cael. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 41; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Cat. 17, 21.—With necne (rarely ne) in place of the second clause with an; utrum... necne, whether... or not:II.jam dudum ego erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35:di utrum sint necne sint quaeritur,
id. N. D. 3, 7, 17:utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne,
Caes. B. G. 1, 50: deliberent, utrum traiciant legiones necne... et Brutum arcessant necne, et mihi stipendium dent an decernant, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 26; Liv. 39, 48, 2.—So, utrum... ne:cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret? matrem inquit,
Nep. Iphic. 3, 4.—Introducing a disjunctive question with more than two members, with an beginning each clause after the first.A.A direct question:B.utrum hoc tu parum commeministi, an ego non satis intellexi, an mutasti sententiam?
Cic. Att. 9, 2:utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis an amoris indicium esse voluisti?
id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; 2, 3, 36, § 83:utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis?
Liv. 21, 10, 6; 6, 7, 3:utrum major... an majores... an aetas... an cum Karthaginiensi, etc.,
id. 28, 43, 12.—An indirect question:III.in quo (convivio) nemo potest dicere utrum ille plus biberit an vomuerit an effuderit,
Cic. Pis. 10, 22:utrum admonitus an temptatus an sine duce ullo... nescio,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 105.—Introducing a single question without an expressed alternative (cf. the similar use of an).a.In a direct interrogation:b.utrum enim in clarissimis est civibus is, quem judicatum hic duxit Hermippus?
Cic. Fl. 19, 45:utrum igitur hactenus satis est?
id. Top. 4, 25:utrum majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorti ab diis sunt et finem eum statuerunt?
Liv. 45, 39, 10.—In an indirect interrogation:neque utrum ex hoc saltu damni salvum scio eliciam foras,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 30:an hoc dicere audebis, utrum de te aratores, utrum denique Siculi universi bene existiment, ad rem id non pertinere?
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 167: [p. 1949] Nep. Eum. 6, 1.—With the interrog. particle nam:cum percontatus esset, utrumnam Patris universa classis in portu stare posset,
Liv. 37, 17, 10 dub. Weissenb. ad loc. (Hertz and Madv. possetne). -
16 εἰ
1εἰ (Hom.+)① marker of a condition, existing in fact or hypothetical, if (B-D-F §371f, neg. §428, 1; 2; Rob., indexes; JBoyer, Grace Theological Journal 2, ’81, 75–141, marker of a ‘simple, logical connection between protasis and apodosis’).ⓐ w. the indic.α. in all tenses, to express a condition thought of as real or to denote assumptions relating to what has already happened εἰ υἱὸς εἶ τοῦ θεοῦ if you really are the Son of God Mt 4:3; sim. 5:29f; 6:23; 8:31; Ac 5:39. εἰ σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ if you call yourself a Judean Ro 2:17. εἰ κατακαυχᾶσαι, οὐ σὺ βαστάζεις if you do boast, (remember) you do not support 11:18 al. In Paul the verb is freq. missing, and is to be supplied fr. the context: εἰ Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν (sc. ἐστιν), τὸ μὲν σῶμα νεκρόν (sc. ἐστιν) 8:10. εἰ τέκνα (sc. ἐστέ) if you are children, then … vs. 17, εἰ χάριτι (γέγονεν), οὐκέτι ἐξ ἔργων 11:6 al. The negative in clauses where the reality of the condition is taken for granted is οὐ (earlier Gk. μή [for exception s. Goodwin p. 138f]; s. B-D-F §428, 1): εἰ οὐ δύναται τοῦτο παρελθεῖν Mt 26:42. εἰ δὲ ὑμεῖς οὐκ ἀφίετε Mk 11:25 [26] v.l. εἰ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε Lk 16:11f; εἰ οὐκ ἀκούουσιν vs. 31. εἰ οὐ φοβοῦμαι Lk 18:4; cp. J 5:47; 10:37; Ro 8:9; 11:21; 1 Cor 7:9; 9:2; 11:6; 15:13ff, 29, 32; 16:22 al. εἰ is rarely found w. the future εἰ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται Mt 26:33; Mk 14:29; εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα 2 Ti 2:12 (cp. Just., A I, 31, 6 εἰ μὴ ἀρνοῖντο Ἰησοῦν); εἰ ὑπομενεῖτε 1 Pt 2:20; εἰ καὶ οὐ δώσει (class. ἐὰν καὶ μὴ δῷ B-D-F §372, 3; Rob. 1012) Lk 11:8. W. aor., when events are regarded as having taken place Mt 24:22; Mk 3:26; 13:20.β. w. the pres., impf., aor., or plpf. indic. to express an unreal (contrary to fact) condition (B-D-F §360; 372; Rob. 1012ff). ἄν is usu. found in the apodosis (regularly in class.) εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σίδωνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, πάλαι ἂν μετενόησαν if the wonders had been done in T. and S., they would have repented long ago Mt 11:21. εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers 23:30. εἰ ᾔδει ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης if the master of the house had known 24:43 (cp. Just., A I, 12, 2 εἰ … ταῦτα ἐγίνωσκον; 18, 1 al.) εἰ ἦν προφήτης, ἐγίνωσκεν ἄν if he were a prophet, he would know Lk 7:39 al. The pres. indic. εἰ ἔχετε (v.l. εἴχετε) πίστιν … ἐλέγετε ἄν if you had faith … you would say Lk 17:6. Somet. ἄν is lacking in the apodosis (Polyaenus 2, 3, 5 εἰ ἐπεποιήκειμεν … νῦν ἐχρῆν=if we had done … it would have been necessary; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 16, 18 [II B.C.]; PRein I, 7 [II B.C.]; POxy 526, 10; 530, 8 and 17; Just., A I, 10, 6; 11:2 al.—PMelcher, De sermone Epict., diss. Halle 1905, 75; Mlt. 200f) εἰ μὴ ἦν οὗτος παρὰ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἠδύνατο if this man were not from God, he would not have been able to … J 9:33. εἰ μὴ ἦλθον, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχοσαν if I had not come, they would not have sin 15:22; cp. vs. 24. W. the apodosis placed first Mk 9:42 (v.l. περιέκειτο), Lk 17:2; J 19:11.ⓑ εἰ w. subj., as καὶ εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 (s. 7 below), is unusual, perh. a textual error; B-D-F §372, 3 conjectures κἄν for καὶ εἰ. But εἰ w. subj. is found in the older poets and Hdt. (Kühner-G. II 474), in Aristoph., Equ. 698 et al., in var. dialects (EHermann, Griech. Forschungen I 1912, 277f) and in later times (e.g. Epict., Vett. Val., Lucian [ed. CJacobitz, Index graec. 473a]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. p. 84, 28; 197, 9; ins [Rdm.2 199]; PRyl 234, 12; POxy 496, 11; Dt 8:5); B-D-F §372, 3; Mlt. 187; Reinhold 107; OSchulthess, AKaegi Festschr. 1919, 161f.ⓒ εἰ w. the optative is rare: εἰ καὶ πάσχοιτε … μακάριοι even if you should suffer, … you would be blessed 1 Pt 3:14. εἰ θέλοι (v.l. θέλει) τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ if it should be God’s will vs. 17. εἴ τι ἔχοιεν (sc. κατηγορεῖν; cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 εἰ … μηδὲν ἔχοι τις ἐλέγχειν) πρὸς ἐμέ if they should have any charges to bring against me Ac 24:19. εἰ δυνατὸν εἴη (Jos., Ant. 12, 12) if it should be possible 20:16 (but s. B-D-F §385, 2; Just., A II, 15, 2 εἰ δύναιντο). εἰ τύχοι is used as a formula (oft. in later wr., incl. Philo; s. KReik, D. Opt. bei Polyb. u. Philo 1907, 154; Just., A I, 27, 3) it may be, for example, perhaps 1 Cor 15:37; used to tone down an assertion which may be too bold 14:10 (Lucian, Icar. 6 καὶ πολλάκις, εἰ τύχοι, μηδὲ ὁπόσοι στάδιοι Μεγαρόθεν Ἀθήναζέ εἰσιν, ἀκριβῶς ἐπιστάμενοι ‘and many times, so it appears, not even knowing how many stades it is from Megara to Athens’).② marker of an indirect question as content, that (Kühner-G. II 369, 8; Rob. 965. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 67 §283 ἀγανακτέω εἰ=be exasperated that; Sir 23:14 θελήσεις εἰ μὴ ἐγεννήθης; 2 Macc 14:28; 4 Macc 2:1; 4:7. S. on θαυμάζω 1aγ) ἐθαύμασεν εἰ ἤδη τέθνηκεν he was surprised that he was already dead Mk 15:44a. μὴ θαυμάζετε εἰ μισεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ κόσμος do not wonder that the world hates you 1J 3:13; θαυμαζόντων …, εἰ τοσαύτη σπουδὴ ἦν τοῦ συλληφθῆναι that there was such interest in arresting MPol 7:2; AcPlCor 2:2 (cp. Just., A II, 8, 3 οὐδὲν … θαυμαστόν, εἰ). Sim. also (Procop. Soph., Ep. 123 χάριν ἔχειν εἰ=that) μαρτυρόμενος … εἰ παθητὸς ὁ Χριστός testifying … that the Christ was to suffer (s. πάσχω 3aα) Ac 26:23.—οὐ μέγα εἰ it is not surprising that 2 Cor 11:15 (cp. Aeschin., In Ctes. 94 ἐστὶ δεινὸν εἰ; Diod S 23, 15, 5, παράδοξον … εἰ=incredible … that; ibid. θαυμαστὸν εἰ; Gen 45:28 μέγα μοί ἐστιν εἰ).— That is also poss. after verbs of knowing or not knowing, e.g. J 9:25; Ac 19:2b; 1 Cor 1:16; 7:16; so CBurchard, ZNW 52, ’61, 73–82 but s. 5bα.③ marker in causal clauses, when an actual case is taken as a supposition, where we also can use if instead of since: εἰ τὸν χόρτον … ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν if God so clothes the grass Mt 6:30; Lk 12:28; cp. Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13; J 7:23; 10:35; 13:14, 17, 32; Ac 4:9; 11:17; Ro 6:8; 15:27; Col 2:20; Hb 7:15; 1 Pt 1:17; 1J 4:11.④ marker of strong or solemn assertion, without apodosis (=in aposiopesis; B-D-F §482; Rob. 1203) εἰ ἔγνως if you only knew Lk 19:42. εἰ βούλει παρενέγκαι if you would only let (this) pass 22:42 v.l. (cp. the letter fr. IV B.C. in Dssm., LO 120, note 5 [LAE 149]).—Hebraistic in oaths, like אִם: may this or that happen to me, if … (cp. 2 Km 3:25; GBuchanan, HTR 58, ’65, 319–24); this amounts to a strong negation certainly not (cp. Ps 7:4f; Gen 14:23) ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν εἰ δοθήσεται truly, I tell you, it will not be given Mk 8:12 (NColeman, JTS 28, 1927, 159–67 interprets this as strongly positive; against him FBurkitt, ibid. 274–76). εἰ εἰσελεύσονται they shall certainly not enter Hb 3:11; 4:3, 5 (all 3 Ps 94:11); B-D-F §372, 4; 454, 5; Mlt-H. 468f; Rob. 94; 1024.⑤ marker of direct and indirect questions (without particle following)ⓐ (not in earlier Gk., B-D-F §440, 3; Rob. 916) w. direct questions (Gen 17:17; 44:19; Am 3:3–6; 6:12; TestAbr A 15 p.96, 8 [Stone p. 40]; 18 p. 100, 13 [St. p. 48]): εἰ ἔξεστιν; is it permitted, may one? Mt 12:10; 19:3 (cp. Mk 10:2); Lk 14:3 v.l.; Ac 21:37; 22:25. εἰ ὀλίγοι οἱ σωζόμενοι; are there only a few who will be saved? Lk 13:23; cp. Mk 8:23; Lk 22:49; Ac 1:6; 7:1; 19:2a. Cp. 6aβ.ⓑ freq. in indir. questions whether (Hom. et al.)α. w. pres. indic. (Gen 27:21; 42:16; TestJob 31:1; Jos., Ant. 10, 259; 16, 225; Ar 8, 1; Just., A I, 2, 2; A II, 2, 10) εἴπῃς εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστός whether you are the Christ Mt 26:63. εἰ ἁμαρτωλός ἐστιν whether he is a sinner J 9:25; εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἔστιν whether there is a holy spirit Ac 19:2b (s. 2 above). ἴδωμεν εἰ ἔρχεται Mt 27:49; Mk 15:36 (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 20, 3 φέρʼ ἴδω εἰ=let me see whether, Merc. Cond. 6); cp. Mk 10:2; Lk 14:31; 1 Cor 3:12; 2 Cor 13:5; 1J 4:1.—W. the fut. indic. (4 Km 1:2; Job 5:1) εἰ θεραπεύσει αὐτόν whether he would heal him Mk 3:2 (v.l. θεραπεύει); Lk 6:7 v.l.; εἰ σώσεις whether you will save 1 Cor 7:16.—W. the aor. indic. (Esth 4:14; w. plpf. Just., D. 56, 2) εἰ πάλαι ἀπέθανεν whether he had already died Mk 15:44b; εἰ ἐβάπτισα 1 Cor 1:16.β. w. subj. διώκω εἰ καταλάβω I press on (to see) whether I can capture Phil 3:12 (B-D-F §368; 375; Rob. 1017).γ. w. opt. (X., An. 1, 8, 15; 2, 1, 15; 4 Macc 9:27; 11:13) ἀνακρίνοντες … εἰ ἔχοι ταῦτα examining … to see whether this was really so Ac 17:11. εἰ βούλοιτο πορεύεσθαι 25:20; cp. 17:27.⑥ In combination w. other particles, w. the other particles foll.ⓐ εἰ ἄραα. expressing possibility if, indeed; if, in fact; whether (perhaps) (X., An. 3, 2, 22; SIG 834, 12; Gen 18:3; s. B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 15:15 (εἴπερ ἄρα); Hv 3, 4, 3; 3, 7, 5; Hs 6, 4, 1; 8, 3, 3; 9, 5, 7; AcPt Ox 849, 6.β. introducing a direct question εἰ ἄρα ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει; is it (really) so? Ac 7:1 v.l.; indirect qu. on the chance that (PPetr II, 13 [19] 9 ‘should you find it impossible’; Num 22:11) Mk 11:13; Ac 5:8 D; 8:22; in the hope that 17:27 (εἰ ἄρα γε); AcPt Ox 849, 2; 22. Cp. εἰ δέ … ; What if …? Ac 23:9.ⓑ εἴ γε if indeed, inasmuch as (Kühner-G. II 177c) Eph 3:2; 4:21; Col 1:23. τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ; εἴ γε καὶ εἰκῇ have you experienced so many things in vain? If it really was in vain Gal 3:4. εἴ γε καὶ ἐκδυσάμενοι οὐ γυμνοὶ εὑρεθησόμεθα assuming, of course, that having put it off we shall not be found naked 2 Cor 5:3. [εἴ γ]ε οὕτως ὡς [ἔστιν καὶ παρελάβετε τὸν λόγον] AcPl BMM recto, 31f (restoration based on duplicate Ox 1602 verso, 37f and AcPl Ha 8, 24f, which has a slightly difft. text after εἴ γε [s. also the text of Ghent 62, 17 in HSanders, HTR 31, ’38, 79, n. 2]). S. γέ bα.ⓒ εἰ δὲ καί (Just., D. 110, 1) but if, and if Lk 11:18; 1 Cor 4:7; and even if 2 Cor 4:3 (but s. Lietzmann, Hdb.); 11:6. If, on the other hand, … then AcPlCor 2:28 (εἰ … δέ … καί … μή).ⓓ εἰ δὲ μή (γε) if not, otherwiseα. after affirmat. clauses, w. the aor. ind, and ἄν in the apodosis J 14:2; or pres. ind. (Demosth., Prooem. 29, 3) and fut. (Gen 30:1; Bel 29 Theod.; PLond 1912, 98) Rv 2:5, 16; or pres. impv. J 14:11.—εἰ δὲ μή γε (μήγε some edd.) otherwise (Pla. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 27; Jos., Bell. 6, 120, Ant. 17, 113; Just., D. 105, 6; IGR IV, 833; POxy 1159, 6; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 167, 25; PGM 4, 2629; Da 3:15; Bel 8; TestSol 13:3 P): εἰ δὲ μή γε (sc. προσέχετε), μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε otherwise you have no reward Mt 6:1; cp. Lk 10:6. Elliptically: κἂν μὲν ποιήσῃ καρπὸν εἰς τὸ μέλλον• εἰ δὲ μή γε, ἐκκόψεις αὐτήν who knows, it may bear fruit next year; if not, fine, then cut it down (= have it cut down) 13:9.β. after negat. clauses, otherwise (X., An. 7, 1, 8; Diod S 3, 47, 4; Dio Chrys. 10 [11], 100; LBW 1651 μὴ ἀδικεῖν…, εἰ δὲ μή; UPZ 196 I, 33 [119 B.C.]; Job 32:22) Mk 2:21f.—After a negative statement: οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς. εἰ δὲ μή γε, ῥήγνυνται people do not pour new wine into old skins; otherwise they burst Mt 9:17; cp. Lk 5:36. μή τίς με δόξῃ ἄφρονα εἶναι• εἰ δὲ μή γε, κἂν ὡς ἄφρονα δέχασθέ με no one is to consider me foolish; otherwise at least accept me as a fool 2 Cor 11:16.ⓔ εἰ καί even if, even though, although Lk 11:8; 18:4; 1 Cor 7:21; 2 Cor 4:16; 7:8; 12:11; Phil 2:17; Col 2:5; Hb 6:9; AcPlCor 2:32.ⓕ εἰ μὲν γάρ for if Ac 25:11 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν); 2 Cor 11:4; Hb 8:4 v.l. (for εἰ μὲν οὖν).ⓖ εἰ μὲν οὖν if, then Hb 7:11. W. εἰ δέ foll. (X., Cyr. 8, 7, 22; Ael. Aristid. 28, 156 K.=49 p. 542 D.) Ac 19:38.ⓗ εἰ μέντοι if, on the other hand Js 2:8.α. except, if not, mostly without a verb depending on εἰ μή (X., An. 2, 1, 12; JosAs 12:11; Just., A I, 29, 1) Mt 11:27; 12:24; 16:4; J 3:13; Ro 7:7; Gal 1:19 (HKoch, Z. Jakobusfrage Gal 1:19: ZNW 33, ’34, 204–9); but also with a verb (Jos., Ant. 8, 316) Mt 5:13; Mk 6:5; Ac 21:25 v.l.β. but (OGI 201, 20f οὐκ ἀφῶ αὐτοὺς καθεσθῆναι εἰς τὴν σκιάν, εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ ἡλίου ἔξω; in note 33 the ed. gives exx. fr. Aristoph. for this use) without a verb Mt 12:4; w. a verb (Theod. Prodr. 7, 426 H.) Gal 1:7, s. ἄλλος 2b. For ἐκτὸς εἰ μή s. ἐκτός 3a.ⓙ εἰ μήτι unless indeed, unless perhaps (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 198 D.; Jos., Ant. 4, 280; Tat. 10, 2) Lk 9:13; 2 Cor 13:5; w. ἄν (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 4) 1 Cor 7:5 (s. Dssm., NB 32, 1 [BS 204 n.]; B-D-F §376; Mlt. 169; 239; Reinhold 35; JTrunk, De Basilio Magno sermonis Attic. imitatore 1911, 56; JWackernagel, Antike Anredeformen 1912, 27f).ⓚ εἰ οὖν if, therefore Mt 6:23; Lk 11:36; 12:26; J 13:14; 18:8; Col 3:1; Phlm 17.ⓛ εἴπερ if indeed, if after all, since (X., An. 1, 7, 9; Menand., Epitr. 907 S. [587 Kö.]; PHal 7, 6; UPZ 59, 29 [168 B.C.]; Jdth 6:9; TestJob 3:6; Just., Tat., Ath.) Ro 3:30 (ἐπείπερ v.l.); 8:9, 17; 2 Th 1:6.—if indeed, provided that εἴπερ ἄρα (ἄρα 1a) 1 Cor 15:15. καὶ γὰρ εἴπερ for even if (cp. Od. 1, 167; B-D-F §454, 2) 1 Cor 8:5; on 2 Cor 5:3 s. εἴ γε καί 6b above. Doubtful IEph 6:2; s. ἤ 2aβ.ⓜ if perchance, if haply εἰ δέ που … τις ἔλθοι if perchance … anyone came Papias (2:4).ⓝ εἴ πως (the spelling εἴπως is also correct; B-D-F §12) if perhaps, if somehowα. w. opt. (X., An. 2, 5, 2; 4, 1, 21; POxy 939, 15) εἴ πως δύναιντο παραχειμάσαι in the hope that they could spend the winter Ac 27:12.β. w. fut. indic. (3 Km 21:31; 4 Km 19:4; Jer 28:8; TestJos 6:6) εἴ πως εὐοδωθήσομαι whether, perhaps, I shall succeed Ro 1:10; cp. 11:14; Phil 3:11.ⓞ εἴτε … εἴτε (Soph. et al.; ins since 416 B.C. [Meisterhans3-Schw.]; pap [Mayser II/3, 159]; LXX; JosAs 5:9; ApcrEzk [Epiph 70, 11]; Jos., Ant. 16, 33 and 37; Just., Ath. B-D-F §446; 454, 3; Rob. ind.) if … (or) if, whether … orα. w. a verb in pres. indic. (Herm. Wr. 12, 22 thrice) 1 Cor 12:26; 2 Cor 1:6; or pres. subj. 1 Th 5:10.β. w. no verb (Just., D. 86, 3 al.) Ro 12:6–8; 1 Cor 3:22; 8:5; 2 Cor 5:10 al. εἴτε only once 1 Cor 14:27. εἴτε ἄρσενα εἴτε θήλειαν (ἤτε … ἤτε pap) GJs 4:1.⑦ Used w. the indef. pron.: εἴ τις, εἴ τι everyone who or whoever; everything that or whatever Mt 16:24; 18:28; Mk 4:23; 9:35; Lk 9:23; 14:26; 1 Ti 3:1, 5; 5:4, 8, 16 al. Cp. 1 Cor 12:31 v.l. (ADebrunner, ConNeot XI, ’47, 37). W. subj. εἴ τις θελήσῃ Rv 11:5 s. 1b, above.—DELG. M-M.2εἰ μήν, more correctly εἶ μήν (B-D-F §24; Rob. 1150) for the older ἦ μήν (Hom. et al. [s. Denniston 350f], but found also Jos., Ant. 13, 76; 17, 42), in Hellenistic-Roman times (SIG 993, 20 [III B.C.]; 736, 27 [92 B.C.]; IG IV, 840, 15 [EHermann, Gr. Forschungen I 1912, 312]; pap since 112 B.C. [Mayser 78]; LXX e.g. Ezk 33:27; 34:8 al.; Num 14:28; Jdth 1:12; Bar 2:29 [Thackeray 83]) formula used in oaths surely, certainly Hb 6:14 (Gen 22:17).—Dssm., NB 33ff (BS 205ff).—M-M. -
17 bombard
1) (to attack with artillery: They bombarded the town.) bombardere2) (to direct questions etc at: The reporters bombarded the film star with questions.) bombardere; overdænge•* * *1) (to attack with artillery: They bombarded the town.) bombardere2) (to direct questions etc at: The reporters bombarded the film star with questions.) bombardere; overdænge• -
18 ἤ
ἤ (A), [dialect] Ep. also [full] ἠέ (in signf. A.11 ἤ (or ἠέ) folld. by ἦ (or ἦε), v. infr.), Conj. with two chief senses, Disj. (2 ἢ.. ἤ either.. or, , cf. 151, 5.484, etc.; soἢ.. ἤτοι.. Pi.N.6.4
, Fr. 138;ἤτοι.. ἤ.. A.Ag. 662
, S. Ant. 1182, Th.2.40, etc. (in Classical Gr. the alternative introduced by ἤτοι is emphasized, later no distn. is implied, Ep.Rom.6.16;ἤτοι.. ἢ.. ἤ.. PTeb.5.59
(ii B.C.)); ἤ repeated any number of times,ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος Il.1.138
, cf. Od.15.84, S.Ant. 707; ἤ is prob. wrongly accented in codd. of Il.2.289, Od.3.348, 19.109, v. ἦ Adv.1.3:ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοίως A.Eu. 524
(lyr.) is exceptional.3 or else, otherwise,εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη Pl.Phdr. 237c
;μή με λυπεῖτε, ἢ φεύξομ' ἐκ τῆς οἰκίης Herod.5.74
; ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε.., ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε Lex Sol. ap. Plu.Sol.21, cf. 24, IG12.94.10, Them.Or.21.260a.II in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is ἢ ([etym.] ἠέ) folld. by ἦ ([etym.] ἦε), Hdn. Gr.2.24, al., A.D.Conj.224.28):1 Direct questions,a introduced by ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα.. κατέπεφνεν; Od.11.172; ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε.. ; 3.72, cf. 1.408, 16.462, Il.6.378, 15.735, 16.12, etc.b without an introductory Particle, θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσι; art thou a goddess or a mortal? Od.6.149, cf. 1.226, 4.314, 372, 643, 20.130, 21.194, Il.10.63, 425, 534, 15.203: accented ἦ, Hdn.Gr.2.145, al., but ἤ freq. in codd. of Hom. and always in codd. of later writers: ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγω; A.Th. 202; ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλαι; Pl.Cri. 43a; κακουργεῖν δεῖ ἢ οὔ; ib. 49c; preceded by πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι; Id.Grg. 474c, etc.2 Indirect questions, freq. epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions.aεἴπ' ἄγε,.. ἤ ῥ' ἐθέλει.., ἦ ἀπέειπε.. Il.9.674
; ;διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἢ ὅ γε.. ἐναρίζοι ἦε χόλον παύσειεν 1.190
; later withεἰ.. ἤ A.Ch. 890
,Ag. 478, S.OC80, etc.; πότερον orπότερα.. ἤ.. Id.Pers.148
, 352, Ag.630, etc.; sts.εἴτε.. ἤ E.El. 897
;ἢ.. εἴτε S.Aj. 177
.b without introductory Particle,οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ' ἦ τέθνηκε Od.11.464
, cf. Il.10.546, Od.24.238.B COMPARATIVE, than, as, after a [comp] Comp., Il.11.162, etc.: after positive Adjs. which imply comparison, ἄλλος, ἕτερος ἤ.., S.OT 595, Tr. 835(lyr.);ἐναντίος ἤ Pl.Grg. 481c
; ἴδιόν τι πάσχειν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι ibid.: after Advbs. or adverbial phrases, πλήν, πρίν, πρόσθεν, χωρίς (qq. v.), ἀλλά (v. ἀλλ' ἤ); τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἤ.. Id.Cri. 44a
(f.l. in Smp. 173a);ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ καὶ δεκάτῳ ϝέτει ἀπὸ τῶ ποτεχεῖ ϝέτεος ἢ Ἀριστίων ἐφορεύει Tab.Heracl.1.121
;παρὰ δόξαν ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε Hdt.1.79
, cf. 8.4;διαφερόντως ἤ.. Pl.Phd. 85b
; οὐδ' ὅσον ἤ.. not so much as.., not more than.., Theoc.9.21: after Verbs implying comparison, βούλεσθαι ἤ.. to wish rather than.., v. βούλομαι IV,αἱρέω B. 11.1b
; so φθάνειν ἤ.. to come sooner than.., Il.23.445, Od.11.58;ἐπιθυμεῖν ἤ.. X.Cyr.1.4.3
;δέχεσθαι ἤ.. Lys.10.21
: less freq. after a word not implying comparison, δίκαιον ἡμέας ἔχειν.. (sc. μᾶλλον)ἤ περ Ἀθηναίους Hdt.9.26
;ἐμοὶ πικρὸς.. ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς S.Aj. 966
(s.v.l.);δεδικαιωμένος ἢ ἐκεῖνος Ev.Luc.18.14
.2 joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject,πάντες κ' ἀρησαίατ' ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι Od.1.165
;ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα Hdt.3.65
;μανικώτεροι ἢ ἀνδρειότεροι Pl.Tht. 144b
, cf. Ar.Ach. 1078.3 rarely after a [comp] Sup., (s.v.l.);πίθοιτό κεν ὔμμι μάλιστα ἢ ἐμοί A.R.3.91
.4 ἢ οὐ is used when a neg. precedes, , cf.5.94, Th.2.62, etc.: after an implied neg.,ὠμὸν.. πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Id.3.36
.5 freq. omitted with numerals after πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη.. πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα v.l. in Pl.Ap. 17d;οὐ μεῖον πεντακοσίους X.An.6.4.24
: sts. with an inf. or conditional clause, ; τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα.., εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν (for ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι); Th.1.33.6 pleon. with a gen.,τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν.. Pl.Cri. 44c
, cf. Lys.10.28.7 the Disj. and [comp] Comp. uses are found together in Il.15.511 βέλτερον, ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι, ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῆ δηϊοτῆτι better, either to die once for all or win life, than long to toil in battle. [ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ combine by Synizesis into one syll. in Trag. and Com., A.Pr. 330, S.Aj. 334, Ar.Lys. 128; so usually in [dialect] Ep., Od.1.298, al.; ;ἢ εἰ Alex.201
.]------------------------------------ἤ (B), an exclamation expressing disapproval,2 to call attention, ποῦ Ξανθίας; ἢ Ξανθία where's Xanthias? hi, Xanthias! Ar.Ra. 271.------------------------------------ἤ (or [full] ἦ) (C), Cypr. forA if, Inscr.Cypr.135.6H.2 Cret. for when, after, ἤ κ' ἀποστᾷ μωλῆν after retiring, he shall take proceedings, Leg.Gort.1.52; ἐν ταῖς τριάκοντα ἤ κα ϝείποντι within 30 days from the time of their proclamation, ib.8.18. -
19 quei
1.qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;I.rarely cum quo,
Liv. 7, 33:cum quibus,
id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).A.In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:B.qui color, nitor, vestitus?
id. ib. 2, 2, 11:qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?
Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:virgo, quae patria est tua?
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?
what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—In indirect discourse:II. A.scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,
what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,
Verg. G. 1, 3:iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,
id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:nescimus qui sis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—As a simple rel.1.With antecedent expressed:2.habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,
id. Balb. 5, 11:vir acer, cui, etc.,
id. Brut. 35, 135:vir optimus, qui, etc.,
id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,
Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,
id. 30, 30, 12:collaria, quae vocantur maelium,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,
Liv. 8, 23:sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,
Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,
id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:3.novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:beati, quīs contigit, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 95:fac, qui ego sum, esse te,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:4.est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,
Sall. C. 55, 3:ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,
id. J. 18, 11:exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,
Cic. Brut. 33, 127:justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,
id. Pis. 24, 57:domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,
id. Sest. 42, 91. —Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:5.ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,
Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —Relating to a remote subject:6.annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:7.erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:B.quemne ego vidi?
whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.1.As, because, seeing that, since:2.Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,
Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,
Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:3.dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,
id. Off. 3, 19, 77:socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,
Liv. 23, 43:idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:4.qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,
id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,
id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?
as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:C.sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 15:domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,
Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:D.res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,
and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:E.quae tua natura est,
according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:qui meus amor in te est,
such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—In neutr. sing.a.Quod signifies,1.As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:2.adjutabo quod potero,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:cura, quod potes, ut valeas,
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,
id. Att. 1, 5, 7:tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,
id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,
id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:quod tuo commodo fiat,
id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:quod sciam,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:quod ad me attinet,
as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:quod operae,
so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:quod aeris,
Liv. 8, 20. —Wherein:b.si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,
Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:III.quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:2. I.quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,
Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48:nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,
Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,
Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?A.In direct questions:B.quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?
Plaut. Am. prol. 76:Quī, amabo?
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:quī scire possum?
id. ib. 2, 2, 13:Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?
id. ib. 4, 4, 31:Quī non?
id. ib. 5, 2, 44:quī vero dupliciter?
id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:quī vero?
id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:quī scis?
Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:quī istuc facere potuit?
id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:quī potui melius?
id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?
Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?
id. ib. 1, 30, 84:quī potest?
id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,
Liv. 28, 43, 18.—In indirect questions:C.nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,
id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:neque videre, quī conveniat,
Liv. 42, 50. —In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):II. 1.quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:quī istum di perdant!
id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:quī te di omnes perdant!
id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:quī illi di irati!
Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):2.patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,
Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:B.indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:quī datur, tanti indica,
id. ib. 4, 4, 109:ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,
id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:C.ut det, quī fiamus liberi,
id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,
id. Most. 3, 2, 139:hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,
id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?
id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49. -
20 qui
1.qui, quae, quod (old forms: nom. quei; gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum;I.rarely cum quo,
Liv. 7, 33:cum quibus,
id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).A.In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: tis daïs, tis de homilos hod epleto; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8:B.qui color, nitor, vestitus?
id. ib. 2, 2, 11:qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?
Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34:virgo, quae patria est tua?
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88:occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?
what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—In indirect discourse:II. A.scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,
what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10:quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori... Hinc canere incipiam,
Verg. G. 1, 3:iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,
id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608:nescimus qui sis,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20:qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,
id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—As a simple rel.1.With antecedent expressed:2.habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,
id. Balb. 5, 11:vir acer, cui, etc.,
id. Brut. 35, 135:vir optimus, qui, etc.,
id. Fam. 14, 4, 2:Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,
Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4:quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,
id. 30, 30, 12:collaria, quae vocantur maelium,
Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15:coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,
Liv. 8, 23:sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,
Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116:sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,
id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8:3.novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60:beati, quīs contigit, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 95:fac, qui ego sum, esse te,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word:4.est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,
Sall. C. 55, 3:ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,
id. J. 18, 11:exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,
Cic. Brut. 33, 127:justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,
id. Pis. 24, 57:domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,
id. Sest. 42, 91. —Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent:5.ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112:ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?
Ter. And. 3, 5, 1:hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,
Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11:abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,
Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2:illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —Relating to a remote subject:6.annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.:7.erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9:B.quemne ego vidi?
whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.1.As, because, seeing that, since:2.Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,
Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1:hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64;ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,
Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5:3.dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,
id. Off. 3, 19, 77:socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,
Liv. 23, 43:idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause:4.qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?
Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117:nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,
id. N. D. 1, 5, 12:nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,
id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52:quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?
as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—To express a purpose, design, in order that, to:C.sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43:Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,
Caes. B. G. 1, 15:domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,
Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.:D.res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,
and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53:ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,
id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such:E.quae tua natura est,
according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2:qui meus amor in te est,
such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—In neutr. sing.a.Quod signifies,1.As much as, as far as, what, = quantum:2.adjutabo quod potero,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7:cura, quod potes, ut valeas,
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6:quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,
id. Att. 1, 5, 7:tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,
id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2:nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,
id. Fin. 2, 3, 7:quod tuo commodo fiat,
id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, [p. 1511] id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:quod sciam,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14:quod ad me attinet,
as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.:quod operae,
so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:quod aeris,
Liv. 8, 20. —Wherein:b.si quid est, Quod mea opera opus sit vobis,
Ter. And. 4, 3, 23.—Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo... eo, by how much, by so much, the... the:III.quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis:2. I.quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,
Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7:si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48:nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,
Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65:(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,
Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.Interrog., in what manner? how? whereby? by what means? why?A.In direct questions:B.quī minus eadem histrioni sit lex quae summo viro?
Plaut. Am. prol. 76:Quī, amabo?
id. Bacch. 1, 1, 19:quī scire possum?
id. ib. 2, 2, 13:Quī in mentem venit tibi istuc facinus facere?
id. ib. 4, 4, 31:Quī non?
id. ib. 5, 2, 44:quī vero dupliciter?
id. Mil. 2, 3, 25:quī vero?
id. Merc. 2, 3, 60:quī scis?
Ter. And. 2, 1, 2:quī istuc facere potuit?
id. Eun. 4, 3, 15:quī potui melius?
id. Ad. 2, 2, 7:sed nos deum nisi sempiternum intellegere quī possumus?
Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 25:quī potest esse in ejusmodi trunco sapientia?
id. ib. 1, 30, 84:quī potest?
id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:quī ego minus in Africam traicerem,
Liv. 28, 43, 18.—In indirect questions:C.nimis demiror, quī illaec me donatum esse aureā paterā sciat,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 133:quī istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15:nec quī hoc mihi eveniat scio,
id. Hec. 2, 3, 6:neque videre, quī conveniat,
Liv. 42, 50. —In curses (cf. Gr. pôs, and Lat. utinam), how, would that, if but: quī illum di deaeque magno mactassint malo, Enn. ap. Non. 342, 14 (Trag. Rel. v. 377 Vahl.):II. 1.quī te Juppiter dique omnes perduint!
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 31:quī istum di perdant!
id. Trin. 4, 2, 78:quī te di omnes perdant!
id. ib. 4, 2, 155; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 73.—Ellipt.:quī illi di irati!
Cic. Att. 4, 7, 1.—In gen.: date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 30 (Trag. Rel. v. 233 Vahl.):2.patera, quī Pterela potitare rex est solitus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 104; 1, 3, 37:sucophantia, quī admutiletur miles,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 172; id. Capt. 1, 1, 33; 3, 4, 24:mihi dari... vehicla quī vehar,
id. Aul. 3, 5, 28:multa concurrunt simul, Quī conjecturam hanc facio,
Ter. And. 3, 2, 32:in tantā paupertate decessit, ut quī efferretur, vix reliquerit,
Nep. Arist. 3, 2.—Esp., of price, at what price, for how much, = quanti:B.indica minumo daturus quī sis, quī duci queat,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 41:quī datur, tanti indica,
id. ib. 4, 4, 109:ut quantum possit quīque liceat veneant,
id. Men. 3, 3, 25.—Transf., that, in order that: Ca. Restim volo mihi emere. Ps. Quam ob rem? Ca. Quī me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87:C.ut det, quī fiamus liberi,
id. Aul. 2, 4, 31:facite, fingite, invenite, efficite, quī detur tibi: Ego id agam, mihi quī ne detur,
Ter. And. 2, 1, 34 sq. —Indef. (only with particles of emphasis and assurance; cf. Gr. pôs, and v. Fleck. Krit. Misc. p. 28; Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 811; Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 550), in some way, somehow, surely (ante-class.); with hercle:hercle quī, ut tu praedicas, Cavendumst me aps te irato,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 58:hercle quī multo improbiores sunt, quam a primo credidi,
id. Most. 3, 2, 139:hercle quī aequom postulabat senex,
id. Stich. 4, 1, 53; id. Men. 2, 3, 74.—With edepol:edepol quī te de isto multi cupiunt nunc mentirier,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 184:edepol quī quom hanc magis contemplo, magis placet,
id. Pers. 4, 4, 15; id. Am. 2, 2, 144.—With at (cf. atquī), and yet, but somehow: Gr. Non audio. Tr. At pol quī audies, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 9; id. Am. 2, 2, 73.— With quippe: horum tibi istic nihil eveniet, quippe quī ubi quod subripias nihil est, Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 22:ea nimiast ratio, quippe quī certo scio, etc.,
id. Truc. 1, 1, 49:quippe quī Magnarum saepe id remedium aegritudinumst,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 27.—With ut:an id est sapere, ut quī beneficium a benevolente repudies?
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11:et eum morbum mi esse, ut quī med opus sit insputarier?
id. Capt. 3, 4, 21; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 49.
См. также в других словарях:
direct — di|rect1 [ dı rekt, daı rekt ] adjective *** ▸ 1 not involving others ▸ 2 going straight to place ▸ 3 clear and honest ▸ 4 exact ▸ 5 with full force ▸ 6 related through parents 1. ) usually before noun involving only the two people or things… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
direct — I UK [dɪˈrekt] / US / UK [daɪˈrekt] / US adjective *** 1) going straight to a place and not stopping or changing direction on the way there direct flights from Scotland to North America There is a more direct route straight up the motorway. The… … English dictionary
direct — {{Roman}}I.{{/Roman}} verb 1 aim ADVERB ▪ mainly, mostly, primarily, principally ▪ Tax cuts have been directed primarily at the better off. ▪ His anger was mostly directed towards/toward Peter … Collocations dictionary
Questions pour un champion — Programme adapté Going for Gold Genre Jeu télévisé Réalisation … Wikipédia en Français
Direct Relief International — Founder(s) William Zimdin and Dezso Karczag Type Humanitarian Medical Aid Founded August 23, 1948 … Wikipedia
Direct Cinema — is a documentary genre that originated between 1958 and 1962 in North America, principally in the Canadian province of Quebec and the United States. Similar in many respects to the cinéma vérité genre, it was characterized initially by filmmakers … Wikipedia
direct — di·rect 1 vt 1: to order with authority the testator direct ed that the car go to his niece 2: to order entry of (a verdict) without jury consideration the court direct ed a verdict in favor of the defendant 3: to act … Law dictionary
Direct TPMS — Direct TPMS, or direct tire pressure monitoring systems (direct sensor TPMS) refers to the use of a pressure sensor directly mounted on the wheels or tires of a vehicle.[1] The pressure inside the tire is measured using a pressure transducer with … Wikipedia
Direct and indirect realism — Direct realism argues we perceive the world directly For representationalism in the arts, see Realism (visual arts). The question of direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, arises in the philosophy of… … Wikipedia
Questions of Truth — Author(s) Polkinghorne, John Beale, Nicholas … Wikipedia
Direct Democracy Party of New Zealand — Founded 2005 Dissolved 30 June 2009 … Wikipedia
